药物化学重点药物化学结构及类型总结归纳

小V1药物化学结构巴比妥类药物通式苯巴比妥Phenobarbital（巴比妥类）异戊巴比妥司可巴比妥NHNClONNClOOH苯二氮䓬类药物通式地西泮（安定）Diazepam（苯二氮䓬类）奥沙西泮替马西泮苯妥英钠（大伦丁钠）SodiumPhenytoin（乙内酰脲类药物）普洛加胺（卤加比）Progabide（GABA类似物类）酒石酸唑吡坦（咪唑并吡啶类）吩噻嗪类药物通式卡马西平Carbamazepine---CBZ（二苯并氮䓬类）氯氮平（二苯并二氮䓬类）CCCCHCH2CH2C2H5NHNHOOCOH3CH3CCCCCH3CH2CH2CHCH3H2CCHCH2NHNHOOCONNR3R1R2ONNClONN1/2HOCOOHCOOHHONONHNClNNCH3小V2盐酸氯丙嗪（冬眠灵）ChlorpromazineHydrochloride（吩噻嗪类）盐酸吗啡MorphineHydrochloride（阿片受体激动剂）用FeCl3鉴别可待因Codeine盐酸哌替啶（度冷丁Dolantin）PethidineHydrochloride（苯基哌啶类）盐酸美沙酮MethadoneHydrochloride（苯基氨基酮类）喷他佐辛左旋多巴Levodopa（拟DA药）罗匹尼罗Ropinirole（DA受体激动剂）毛果芸香碱Pilocarpine（胆碱受体激动剂）溴新斯的明Neostigminebromide（可逆性胆碱酯酶抑制剂）硫酸阿托品AtropineSulphate（M受体阻断剂）NSClNCH3CH3·HClONH3COOHHNONOCONNCH3C2H5HHN+(CH3)3Br-ONOCH3H3CNCH3OCCHOCH2OH2H2SO4..H2O小V3氢溴酸东莨菪碱（M胆碱受体阻断剂）氢溴酸山莨菪碱AnisodamineHydrobromide（M胆碱受体阻断剂）肾上腺素Epinephrine（苯乙胺类，儿茶酚胺类）盐酸麻黄碱EphedrineHydrochloride（α，β受体激动剂）-写立体结构盐酸可乐定ClonidineHydrochloride（α2受体激动剂）沙丁胺醇Salbutamol（β受体激动剂）马来酸氯苯那敏(扑尔敏)Chlorphenaminemaleate（丙胺类）盐酸普鲁卡因Procainehydrochloride（芳酸酯类）盐酸利多卡因LidocaineHydrochloride（酰胺类）盐酸普萘洛尔PropranololHydrochloride（芳氧丙醇胺类）（非选择性β受体阻滞剂）硝苯地平Nifedipine（二氢吡啶类）（钙通道阻滞剂）硫酸奎尼丁QuinidineSulfate（那通道阻滞剂）-写立体结构盐酸美西律QuinidineSulfate（钠通道阻滞剂）NCH3OCCHOCH2OH.HBrO.3H2ONCH3OCCHOCH2OH.OHHBrHOHONHCH3OHCCCH3HOHHNHCH3.HClClNNHHNCl·HClHOHOHNCH3CH3CH3OHNCHH2CH2CNClCH3CH3.CHCHCOOHCOOHCOOCH2CH2N(C2H5)2H2NHClCH3CH3NHNO·HCl·H2OOHNOH·HClNHNO2COOCH3H3COOCCH3H3CNH3COCNCHH2CHOH2·H2SO4·2H2OONH2·HCl小V4卡托普利Captopril（ATⅠ转化酶抑制剂）盐酸胺碘酮AmiodaroneHydrochloride（钾通道阻滞剂）盐酸雷尼替丁RanitidineHydrochloride硝酸甘油Nitroglycerol（硝酸酯及亚硝酸酯类）氯贝丁酯Clofibrate（苯氧乙酸类）奥美拉唑双氯芬酸钠DiclofenacSodium芳基乙酸类吲哚美辛（消炎痛）Indomethacin芳基乙酸类对乙酰氨基酚（扑热息痛）Paracetamol乙酰苯胺类阿司匹林（乙酰水杨酸）Aspirin水杨酸类NCOOHCOCHCH3CHSHHO(CH2)3CH3COII.HClONC2H5C2H5ONSNHNHNO2CH3·HClCH2ONO2CHONO2CH2ONO2ClOCCH3CH3COOC2H5NCH3H3COCH3SONHNOCH3CHHHNClCH2COONaClNCH3CH2COOHOClH3CO12354HNHOCOCH3OCOOHCOCH3小V5布洛芬Ibuprofen芳基丙酸类苯唑西林钠OxacillinSodium青霉素Benzylpenicillinβ-内酰胺类、青霉素类阿莫西林Amoxicillin头孢氨苄Amoxicillin诺氟沙星Norfloxacin氟喹诺酮类环丙沙星Ciprofloxacin氟喹诺酮类左氧氟沙星Levofloxacin氟喹诺酮类磺胺嘧啶Sulfadiazine磺胺类磺胺甲基异噁唑Sulfamethoxazole磺胺类CHCOOHH2CCH3*CHOCNONSCOONaHNO·H2OONSCH3CH3COHNCOOHCH2HCONSCH3CH3COHNCOOH·3H2ONH2HONSOCOOHCH3CONHHCNH2.H2ONOC2H5FNCOOHHNNOFNCOOHHNNOFNCOOHNH3COCH3H2NSO2NHNNH2NNOCH3SNHO2小V6氯霉素Chloramphenicol甲苯磺丁脲Tolbutamide磺酰脲类盐酸二甲胍Metformin双胍类（增加外周GS利用药）CO2NCHOHNHCOCHCl2HCH2OHH3CSHNCNHO(CH2)3CH3OOH2NCHNCNNHNHCH3CH3·HCl