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Lesson40Foodandtalk4.fixv.凝视;盯着fixat=stareat=gazeatThekidisfixingathisnewtoy.vt.固定,安装Shefixedahandleonthedoor.vt.修理Iamabletofixthecomputer.1.ThehostessaskedmetositnexttoMrs.Rumbold.asksb.todosth.“在附近”:nextto,beside,by,closeto,near,nearby等.Themannexttomewasdrunktoomuch.坐在我旁边的那个男人喝太多Theysangsongsbythecampfire.他们围着篝火在唱歌.2.Hereyeswerefixedonherplateandinashorttime,shewasbusyeating.•bebusywithsth忙于某事•bebusydoingsth忙于做某事Heisbusywashingclothes.Mybrotherisbusywithhishomework.3.“Anewplayiscomingto‘TheGlobe’soon,”Isaid.“Willyoubeseeingit?”(1)用现在进行时来表示接近的未来,“即将会”。用将来进行时来提问,尤其是提出问题但又不想迫使对方做出明确答复时,将来进行时可以显得比一般将来时will更委婉客气。3.Lastweekatadinnerparty,thehostessaskedmetositnexttoMrs.Rumbold.介词at通常用于小型集体活动之前,比较大型的活动会用介词in。atameeting(在会议上);ataconcert(在音乐会上);atawedding(在婚礼上)等等。4.Mrs.Rumboldwasalarge,unsmilingladyinatightblackdress.unsmiling的反义词是smiling(微笑的,喜气洋洋的)。有些形容词前面可以加上前缀un-l来表示相反的意思,比如:comfortable-uncomfortable;true-untrue;interesting-uninteresting等等。5.ShedidnotevenlookupwhenItookmyseatbesideher.Takeaseat和takeone’sseat都表示“让某人坐下”,这种用法要比sitdown更加正式。by/beside是贴近的旁边;而near是有一段距离的附近。所以,句子中的beside可以用by互换6.Indespair,Iaskedherwhethershewasenjoyingherdinner.这里indespair是副词,表示“失望之中”。比如:IspenthourstryingtofixtheTV,butgaveupindespair.我花了几个小时修电视机,但是失望地放弃了。同时,Iaskedherwhethershewasenjoyingherdinner.也是我们上节课所讲到的“间接引语”的语法。7.‘Youngman,’sheanswered,‘ifyouatemoreandtalkedless,wewouldbothenjoyourdinner!’课文的最后一句涉及到这课我们要讲的一个重点语法:非真实条件句。If所引导的条件句使用的是eat和talk的过去时ate和talked,表示所假设的事情是与现在的已知事实相反。(实际上作者是吃的少,说的多。)而后面的主句也同样使用过去时态,表示一种虚拟语气。语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式(有的还借助句法形式)来表示。虚拟语气•虚拟语气只用于非真实条件句中,表达假设的或实现可能性不大的情况,通常表达的只是一种愿望、假设、怀疑或是推测。虚拟语气的概念一、虚拟语气在条件句中条件从句主句与现在事实相反的假设与过去相反的假设与将来相反的假设If+主语+动词的过去式(动词be用were)主语+should/would/Might/could+动词原形If+主语+had+过去分词主语+should/would/might/could+havedone1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形主语+should,wouldmight,could+动词原形eg:IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.如果我是你,我就会努力学习.如果我知道他的电话号码,我就给他打电话了.如果明天下雨的话,我们会取消比赛.IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.IfIhadknownhistelephonenumber,Iwouldhavecalledhim.Ifitshould\weretoraintomorrow,wewouldcalloffthematch.Morepractice:使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点:1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为:错综时间条件句,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.如果你听我的建议,你现在就会痊愈了.如果你努力学习的话,你现在就会是大学生了.2.省略句在条件句中,可省略if,把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式.IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.二、虚拟语气在从句中的运用(1)用于宾语从句1、wish引导的宾语从句中。一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为:对现在的愿望过去时(be用were)对将来的愿望would/might/could+动词原形对过去的愿望过去完成时Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Icouldfly.Iwish(that)Ihadforgottenit.2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,decide等Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.注意:suggest当表示“暗示、表明“讲时,insist表示”坚持认为“之意时,应用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱.特例•suggest•insist•建议•表明暗示•坚决要求•坚持认为•陈述语气•虚拟语气(should)do在suggestion/proposal/order/plan/advice/idea/request等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should+动词原形”should可以省略.(2)用于表语从句和同位语从句Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Mysuggestionthatwe(should)haveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中,that后面的从句中的谓语动词用:should+动词原形(should可以省略)1.我们有必要出去散散步。It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.2她这样做是很自然的。It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.3重要的是我们要照顾好病人。It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中,从句用(should)+动词原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中,从句也常用(should)+动词原型It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.1.Itis(high/about/the)timethat…从句中的谓语动词用一般过去式或should+动词原形,should不能省略.三、虚拟语气在其他从句中Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.2.Ifonly引导的感叹句表达一种强烈的愿望(要是...该有多好啊),规则同wish,表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!3.asif(asthough)看起来,引导状语从句。常用虚拟形式,即:•对当时事实的假设,从句用过去时;(be用were)•对过去事实的假设,从句用过去完成时(haddone)•对未来事实的假设,从句谓语用would+动词原形•Shetalksasifshewereinnocent.•Hewaswalkingasthoughithadhurthisleg.•Itseemsasifthemeetingwouldneverend.4.evenif(eventhough)即使Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.
本文标题:新概念英语第二册第40课课件
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