专升本英语-时态

一般时态–强调动作本身。具有叙述性。进行时态–强调动作的过程。具有描绘性、生动性。完成时态–强调动作的结果。具有逻辑推导性。完成进行时态–强调动作的连贯不断和结果。具有原因和过程的描述性。所有时态都是通过动词变化表现出来的主语+动词原形（若主语时第三人称单数，动词原形一般加-s或-es)一般现在时结构：主语+动词原形（若主语时第三人称单数，动词原形一般加-s或-es)A)表示经常性、习惯性动作，常与表示频度的副词连用，如always，often，seldom等Healwayseatsanappleinthemorning.他常常在早上吃一个苹果。A)表示主语的状态、特征、能力、品质等Thebookconsistsoffixchapters.这本书包含五个章节。Sheisastudent.她是一个学生。C)表示客观事实和普遍真理Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球绕太阳转动。D)表示按计划安排好的，或将要发生的动作，句子常有一个表示时间的状语。常用的动词有：come,return,begin,start,leave,go,arrive等Thenexttrainleavesat3:00o’clockthisafternoon.下一趟火车将于今天下午三点发车。Theshowbeginsinhalfanhour.半小时后演出开始。E)在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时（主将从现）。Iwillgotobedwhenhecomesback.等他回来了我就去睡觉。Ifyoudon'tstoptheyelling,Iwillleaverightnow.如果你还继续大吼大叫的话，我现在就走。E)在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时（主将从现）。一、主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。如：WhenIgrowup,I’llbeanurseandlookafterpatients.二、如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。如：Don’tlaughatmewhenImakeamistake.从句一般现在时主句一般将来时E)在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时（主将从现）。三、if表示条件，即假设条件成立，if引导的句子是条件状语从句，用一般现在时态；主句则用一般将来时态。如：Ifyoudoit,youwillbehappy.You’llbehappyifyoudoit.从句一般现在时主句一般将来时从句一般现在时主句一般将来时Whenhecomesback,Iwilltellhimthenews.Ifhecomesback,Iwilltellhimthenews.Theywillneverletyouknowuntilithappens.IwillseeyourfatherassoonasIgetthere.1.Myfathertoreadnewspaperaftersuppereveryday.A.likeB.islikesC.likesD.don’tlike2.JohnandTombooksatnight.A.doesn’treadB.readsC.readingD.don’tread3.What’stheweatherlikeinyourcountry?–Itsometimes.A.rainsB.rainingC.rainD.areraining4.Theytheofficeintimeeverymorning.reachtoB.arrivedC.wentD.getto5.You’dbetterathomeandyourhomework.A.tostay;doB.stay;doC.tostay;todoD.stay;todoCDADB6.WeshallgotoShanghaionbusinessbeforeyoubacknextweek.A.willcomeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.come7.Hesitsdownandarest.A.havingB.haveC.tohaveD.has8.Iseehertheroomthismorning.A.toenterB.enteredC.enterD.enters9.---WhatwillBilldoifhe____inthetest?---Hewilltryagain.A.failB.failsC.willfailD.isfailingDBCD10.Frank_______toseehisgrandmaifhe_______freetomorrow.A.willcome;willbeB.comes;isC.willcome;isD.comes;willbe11.IfMary_______nextSunday,wewillgoboatingtogether.A.willcomeB.comesC.shallcomeD.shouldcome12.Thestudentswillplanttreesifit___tomorrow.A.didn’trainB.hasn’trainedC.won’trainD.doesn’train13.We__homeifthereisnobus.---Oh,whatapity!A.willwalkB.havewalkedC.walkedD.walkCADB一、规则变化1、一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed,如：work—workedplay—playedwant—wantedask—asked2、以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d,如：live—livedmove—movedtaste—tasted3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y改成i,加—ed,如：study—studiestry—triedcopy—copiedcarry—carried4、重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加—ed,如：stop—stopped一、不规则变化1.三种形式一致动词原形过去式过去分词costcostcost花费cutcutcut割，切hurthurthurt受伤hithit[hit]hit打，撞一、不规则变化1.三种形式一致letletlet让putputput放下read[ri:d]read[red]read读setset[set]set安排，安置2.在动词原形后加一个辅音字母-d,-t或-ed构成过去式或过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词burn[bə:n]burntburnt燃烧dreamdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamt做梦hearheardheard听见learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt学习meanmeant[ment]meant意思showshowedshowed/shown['ʃəun]展示,给...看smellsmelled/smelt[smelt]smelled/smelt闻,嗅speedsped[sped]/speededsped/speeded加速spellspelled/spelt[spelt]spelled/spelt拼写3.把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词动词原形过去式过去分词buildbuilt[bilt]built建筑lendlent[lent]lent借给sendsent[sent]sent送spendspent[spent]spent花费4.原形→aught→aught动词原形过去式过去分词Catchcaught[kɔ:t]caught捉,抓Teachtaught[tɔ:t]taught教5.原形→lt/pt/ft动词原形过去式过去分词feelfelt[felt]felt感到keepkept[kept]kept保持leaveleftleft离开sleepsleptslept睡觉sweepswepswept扫6.变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。[i→a→u]动词原形过去式过去分词beginbeganbegun开始drinkdrankdrunk喝singsangsung唱swimswamswum游泳ringrang[rung打电话6.其它动词原形过去式过去分词be(am,is,are)was/werebeen是dodiddone做gowentgone去wearwore[wɔ:]worn[wɔ:n]穿主语+动词的过去式A)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况Iwasastudent.我曾经是学生。B)表示过去习惯性动作，特别是由would/usedtodo表达的句型Iusedtohelpmymomwithhouseworkafterschool.我过去常在放学后帮母亲做家务。OnSunday,hewouldgetupearlyandgofishing.星期天，他常常早起，然后去钓鱼。否定式：主语+didnot(didn’t)/wasnot(wasn’t)/werenot(weren’t)/+动词原形Igotupat6o’clockyesterday.Ididn’tgetupat6o’clockyesterday.TheywereinJapanlastmonth.Theyweren’tinJapanlastmonth.一般疑问式：Did+主语+动词原形+其他Was/Were+主语+其他Didyougoshoppingyesterday?Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.Wasshe15yearsoldlastyear?Yes,shewas./No,shewasn’t.特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他Wheredidyougoshoppingyesterday?Attheshoppingmall.Whenandwherewereyouborn.IwasborninMarch,atthehospital.用于一般过去时的时间状语1.与ago连用amomenttwominutesthreehoursfivedaysoneweeksixmonthsfouryearsago用于一般过去时的时间状语2.其他justnowintheolddaysinthosedaysin1980theotherdayatthattimeonceuponatime1.Assoonashe________,he______tohisfamily.A.arrived;writesB.arrived,written;C.arrived;wroteD.arrives;write2.Shesaidherbrother____inBeijing.He______toJapanonbusinesslastweek.A.wasn’t,wentB.hasn’t,wentC.wasn’t,goD.isn’t,went3.YesterdayI_____inbedalldaybecauseIhadafever.A.layB.lieC.laidD.lied4.They_____tiredsotheystopped____arest.A.are,haveB.were,haveC.were,tohaveD.are,having5.He____tothestationthismorningandwas______forthetrain.A.hurry,intimeB.hurries,ontimeC.hurried,intimeD.hurried,attimeCDCCCA)表示将来会发生的动作，基本结构是will/shalldo+动词原形Weshallcallyou.我们会给你打电话的。注意：shall与will的区别shallwillshall常用于第一人称否定式：shallnot=shan’twill常用于第二、三人称，但在口语中各种人称都可以用will否定式：willnot=won’tB)表示主观打算做某事或客观上即将发生某事，可用