2018-考研英语(一)冲刺测试卷-试题

Borntowin2018考研英语（一）冲刺测试卷试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonworkforceskills,Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Human-resourcemanagementisnottraditionallyseenas__1__tothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehiredor__2__atthelowestpossiblecost—much__3__onebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.Thelackofimportance___4___tohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporationhierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecond__5___command.The__6__ofheadofhuman-resourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofthecorporatehierarchy.Theexecutivewho___7___itisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochanceto___8___toChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).___9___,inJapantheheadofhuman-resourcemanagementiscentral—usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm's___10___.Asa___11___,problems___12___whennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearn___13___tooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersonGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsis___14___inGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedfor___15___retraining___16___costsandcreatesbottlenecksthat___17___thespeedwith___18___newequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnological___19___.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulation___20___thewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.1.[A]necessary[B]dispensable[C]central[D]understandable2.[A]rented[B]acquired[C]required[D]got3.[A]like[B]that[C]as[D]while4.[A]compared[B]attached[C]detached[D]entitled5.[A]in[B]on[C]through[D]by6.[A]responsibility[B]personality[C]importance[D]post7.[A]supervises[B]holds[C]manages[D]brings8.[A]pickup[B]startup[C]putup[D]moveup9.[A]Furthermore[B]Similarly[C]Although[D]However10.[A]hierarchy[B]post[C]position[D]management11.[A]matter[B]fact[C]result[D]case12.[A]invent[B]emerge[C]perform[D]expose13.[A]how[B]what[C]where[D]whomBorntowin14.[A]fewer[B]higher[C]littler[D]lower15.[A]extensive[B]intensive[C]excessive[D]decisive16.[A]produces[B]generates[C]manufactures[D]grows17.[A]promote[B]limit[C]confine[D]accelerate18.[A]which[B]that[C]where[D]whom19.[A]innovation[B]recession[C]progression[D]adaptation20.[A]raise[B]lift[C]affect[D]balanceSectionⅡReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1AdividedSupremeCourtruledMondaythatpolicemaytakeDNAsampleswhenbookingthosearrestedforseriouscrimes,narrowlyupholdingaMarylandlawandopeningthedoortomorewidespreadcollectionofDNAbylawenforcement.Thecourtruled5to4thatgovernmenthasalegitimateinterestincollectingDNAfromarrestees,justasittakesphotographsandcollectsfingerprints.Rejectingtheviewthatthepracticeconstitutesanunlawfulsearch,themajoritysaiditwasjustifiedtoestablishtheidentityofthepersonincustody.“DNAidentificationrepresentsanimportantadvanceinthetechniquesusedbylawenforcementtoservelegitimatepoliceconcernsforaslongastherehavebeenarrests,”JusticeAnthonyM.Kennedywroteforthemajority.Thedissenterswerethreeofthecourt’sliberalsplusconservativeJusticeAntoninScalia,whoamplifiedhisdispleasurebyreadingasummaryofhisdissent.“ThecourthascastasideabedrockruleofourFourthAmendmentlaw:thatthegovernmentmaynotsearchitscitizensforevidenceofcrimeunlessthereisareasonablecausetobelievethatsuchevidencewillbefound,”Inhisdissent,Scaliawrotethatthemajority’sattemptstojustifytheuseofDNAasanidentificationtool“taxesthenaivetyofthenaive.”Headded,“Makenomistakeaboutit:Asanentirelypredictableconsequenceoftoday’sdecision,yourDNAcanbetakenandenteredintoanationalDNAdatabaseifyouareeverarrested,rightlyorwrongly,andforwhateverreason.”KennedysaidMaryland’slawismorelimitedthanthat.HenotedthatDNAcanbetakenonlyfromthosesuspectedof“serious”crime,thatthesampleisdestroyedifthearresteeisnotconvicted,andthattheDNAtestsdidnotviolatetheprivacyofthepersonbyrevealinggenetictraitsormedicalinformation.Besidesthat,Kennedysaid,DNAidentificationcontainscriticalcluesaboutwhetheranarresteeshouldbeeligibleforbeingreleasedonbailorwhetherhewouldbelikelytofleebecausehehadcommittedacrimemoreseriousthantheoneforwhichhewasarrested.ButScaliasaid“Solvingunsolvedcrimesisanobleobjective,butitoccupiesalowerplaceinBorntowintheAmericannobleobjectivesthantheprotectionofourpeoplefromsuspicionlesslaw-enforcementsearches,”HeconcludedwithanodtotheFramersoftheConstitution:“Idoubtthattheproudmenwhowrotethecharterofourlibertieswouldhavebeensoeagertoopentheirmouthsforroyalinspection.”Thedecisionwasevidenceofhowthecourt’sideologicaldifferencesbluronFourthAmendmentcases.Earlierthisterm,ScaliajoinedGinsburg,SotomayorandKagantorulethatbringingapolicedogtoasuspecteddrugdealer’sdoorwithoutawarr