(完整版)从属连词

连词连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。并列连词：并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有：and，aswellas，both…and，notonly…butalso，not…but，neither…nor，either…or，or，but，yet，for（因为），so（所以），while（而），when（这时）等。Bothmybrotherandmysisterareteachers.Hisroomisbrightbutmineisgloomy（暗沉沉的）.Hecannotonlyrepairradiosbutalsofixthem.Itisaglorious（光荣的）yetdifficulttask.Strikewhileironishot.从属连词一．引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：1.whenTherewasprolongedapplausewhenhebegantospeak.2.WhileWeshouldstrikewhiletheironishot.3.AsAs(When)heentered,thehallburstintothunderousapplause.4.AfterAfterIvisitShanghaiI'lltraveluptheYangtze.5.BeforeItwouldbemonthsbeforehewasfitforthework.6.SinceItisjustaweeksincewearrivedhere.7.Until(till)Ishallstayhereuntil(till)I'vecompletedmystudies.8.assoonasAssoonashegotwell,hewentbacktowork.9.OnceOncehesaidthat,Iknewhewaslying.二．引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：1.becauseHefailedbecausehewastoocareless.2.AsAsitwasalreadyratherdark,wedecidedtostopatthetempleforthenight.3.SinceSinceyoudon'twanttogo,wewon'tforceyouto.4.nowthatNowthatyouareallback,we'dbetterstarttheworkrightaway.5.Considering(that)Theydidthejobquitewellconsidering(that)theyhadnoexperience.6.SeeingthatSeeingthat(Since)nobodywasveryenthusiasticaboutit,theydecidedtocancelthetrip.三．引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：1.ifIfyoucandoit,socanI.2.EvenifWewouldn'tloseheartevenifweshouldfailtentimes.3.UnlessIwon'tgounlessyouwantmeto.4.IncaseWe'dbettertakeourraincoatsincaseitshouldrain(rains).5.Provided/providing(that)I'llcomeprovided(providing)(that)youletmeknowingoodtime.6.Suppose/supposing(that)Suppose(Supposing)(that)hewon'tagree,whatshallwedo?7.As(so)longasYoumayusetheroomaslongasyoukeepitclean.8.Oncondition(that)I'lllendyouthebookoncondition(that)youreturnitonMonday.四．引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：1.although/thoughEverybodyworkedwithgreatenthusiasmalthough/thoughtheweatherwasextremelycold.2.evenif(though)EvenifIhavetowalkallthewayI'llgetthere.3.whatever，whenever，whoever，whichever,wherever…(nomatterwh-)Whateveryoumaysay,Iwon’tchangemymind.Wheneveryoucome,youwillbewelcomed.Whoeveryoumaybe,youhavenorighttodosuchathing.Whicheversidewins,Ishallbesatisfied.Whereveryouhide,Iwillfindyouout.五．引导比较状语从句的从属连词有：1.thanWehaveproduced20%morecottonthisyearthanwedidlastyear.2.As(so)...asHedoesn'tplayhalfaswellashissister.六．引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：1.lestSheexplainedagainandagainlestpeopleshouldmisunderstandher.2.sothatspeakclearlysothatwemayunderstandyou.3.InorderthatHeassignedussomebookstoreadathomeinorderthat(sothat)wemighthaveadeeperunderstandingofthesubject.七．引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：1.so...thatShewassomovedthattearscametohereyes.2.Such...thatItwassuchaboringspeechthatIfellasleep.八.引导名词性从句的连词有：1．that(本身无意义)2．whether(ornot)3．If4.wh-ever例如：Thattheywillrefusetheofferisunlikely.Idon'tknowwhether(=if)thesefiguresareaccurate.需要注意的是：whether(ornot)可引导大部分名词性从句；if仅可引导宾语从句，而且不可跟ornot。例如：Whether(≠if)theywillcomeornotwon'tmakemuchdifference.Iwonderif(=whether)shehasreceivedourtelegram.用法比较特殊的从属连词1、当while,when,as引导时间状语从句时的区别：①while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while的这些用法可用when代替，等于“atthetimethat”,“duringthetimethat”。例如：Pleasekeepquietwhile(when)othersarestudying；②when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于“atthetime”，也就是说when引出的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成时。例如：WhenIwentintothelab,theteacherwasdoinganexperiment.（when不能换成while）HeoftenmakesmistakeswhenheisspeakingEnglish.（when可换成while）③as常可与when，while通用，但强调“一边、一边”。例如：As(when,while)Iwaswalkingdownthestreet,Inoticedapolicecarinfrontofnumber37.④when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是“主语+系动词”结构时，这时主语和系动词可以省略。例如：When(hewas)young,heworkedforarichman./She’llbeheretogiveyouhelpwhen(ifitis)necessary.⑤when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为“如果”、“假如”，例如：I’llcomewhen(if)I’mfree.2、before作连词一般表示时间，意为“在…之前”，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译：Healmostknockedmedownbeforehesawme.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；BeforeIcouldgetinawordhehadmeasuredme.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。3、till,until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not…until(till)，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到…才…”。用于肯定句时，只与延续性动词连用，表示“到…为止”。例如：Theyplayedvolleyballuntil(till)itgotdark./Theydidn’ttalk（延续性动词）until(till)theinterpretercame./Hedidn’tgotobed（非延续性动词）until(till)thehisfathercameback.；until可以放在句首，till则不行，例如：Untilthelastminuteofthematchwekeptonplaying./Notuntilhefinishedhisworkdidhegohome.（倒装）；till,until只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：Wewalkedtilltheedgeoftheforest.（要用asfaras或to）。4、because,since,as引导原因状语时注意使用上的区别：①如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because,因此because引导的从句往往放在句末。用why提问的句子，一定用because回答。例如：Hehadtostayathomeyesterdaybecausehewasill.；②如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分重要，就用as，或since。since比as更正式些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：Asyouaretired,youhadbetterrest./Sinceeveryoneishere,nowlet’sbegin.5、although和though引导让步状语从句往往用法一样，但注意以下区别：①although用于各种文体，而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although,though引导的从句后，主句不能用but，但可用副词yet,still。例如：Although/Thoughitrainedallthemorning,theystillwentonworking.（或yettheywentonworking）②though常与even连用，eventhough表示强调，意为“即使”，但不能说evenalthough，例如：EventhoughIdidn’tunderstandaword,Ideptsmiling.③though可用作副词，意为“然而”，常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。例如：Itwasaquietparty,Ihadagoodtime,though