美国数学竞赛(AMC)常用单词

美国数学竞赛（AMC）常用单词mathematics,maths（BrE）,math（AmE）dividenddivisorquotientequals,isequalto,isequivalenttoisgreaterthanislesserthanisequalorgreaterthanisequalorlesserthanoperatordigitnumbernaturalnumberaxiomtheoremcalculationoperationprovehypothesis,hypotheses（pl.）propositionarithmeticplus（prep.）,add（v.）,addition（n.）augend,summandaddendsumminus（prep.）,subtract（v.）,subtraction（n.）minuendsubtrahendremaindertimes（prep.）,multiply（v.）,multiplication（n.）multiplicand,faciendmultiplicatorproductdividedby（prep.）,divide（v.）,division（n.）integerdecimaldecimalpointfractionnumeratordenominatorratiopositivenegative数学被除数除数商等于大于小于大于等于小于等于运算符数字数自然数公理定理计算运算证明假设命题算术加被加数加数和减被减数减数差乘被乘数乘数积除整数小数小数点分数分子分母比正负null,zero,nought,nildecimalsystembinarysystemhexadecimalsystemweight,significancecarrytruncationroundrounddownroundupsignificantdigitinsignificantdigitalgebraformula,formulae（pl.）monomialpolynomial,multinomialcoefficientunknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factorequationsimpleequationquadraticequationcubicequationquarticequationinequationfactoriallogarithmexponentpowersquarecubethepoweroffour,thefourthpowerthepowerofn,thenthpowerevolution,extractionsquarerootcuberoottherootoffour,thefourthroottherootofn,thenthrootaggregateelementvoidsubsetintersectionunion零十进制二进制十六进制权进位截尾四舍五入下舍入上舍入有效数字无效数字代数公式单项式多项式系数未知数等式，方程式一次方程二次方程三次方程四次方程不等式阶乘对数指数，幂乘方二次方，平方三次方，立方四次方n次方开方二次方根，平方根三次方根，立方根四次方根n次方根集合元素空集子集交集并集complementmappingfunctiondomain,fieldofdefinitionrangeconstantvariablemonotonicityparityperiodicityimageseriescalculusdifferentialderivativelimitinfinite（a.）infinity（n.）infinitesimalintegraldefiniteintegralindefiniteintegralrationalnumberirrationalnumberrealnumberimaginarynumbercomplexnumbermatrixdeterminantgeometrypointlineplanesolidsegmentradialparallelintersectangledegreeradianacuteanglerightangleobtuseangle补集映射函数定义域值域常量变量单调性奇偶性周期性图象数列，级数微积分微分导数极限无穷大无穷小积分定积分不定积分有理数无理数实数虚数复数矩阵行列式几何点线面体线段射线平行相交角角度弧度锐角直角钝角straightangleperigonbasesideheighttriangleacutetrianglerighttriangleleghypotenusePythagoreantheoremobtusetrianglescalenetriangleisoscelestriangleequilateraltrianglequadrilateralparallelogramrectanglelengthwidthrhomb,rhombus,rhombi（pl.）,diamondsquaretrapezoidrighttrapezoidisoscelestrapezoidpentagonhexagonheptagonoctagonenneagondecagonhendecagondodecagonpolygonequilateralpolygoncirclecentre（BrE）,center（AmE）radiusdiameterpiarcsemicirclesector平角周角底边高三角形锐角三角形直角三角形直角边斜边勾股定理钝角三角形不等边三角形等腰三角形等边三角形四边形平行四边形矩形长宽菱形正方形梯形直角梯形等腰梯形五边形六边形七边形八边形九边形十边形十一边形十二边形多边形正多边形圆圆心半径直径圆周率弧半圆扇形ringellipsecircumferenceperimeterarealocus,loca（pl.）similarcongruenttetrahedronpentahedronhexahedronparallelepipedcubeheptahedronoctahedronenneahedrondecahedronhendecahedrondodecahedronicosahedronpolyhedronpyramidprismfrustumofaprismrotationaxisconecylinderfrustumofaconespherehemisphereundersurfacesurfaceareavolumespacecoordinatesx-axis,y-axis,z-axisx-coordinatey-coordinateoriginhyperbolaparabolatrigonometry环椭圆圆周周长面积轨迹相似全等四面体五面体六面体平行六面体立方体七面体八面体九面体十面体十一面体十二面体二十面体多面体棱锥棱柱棱台旋转轴圆锥圆柱圆台球半球底面表面积体积空间坐标系坐标轴横坐标纵坐标原点双曲线抛物线三角sinecosinetangentcotangentsecantcosecantarcsinearccosinearctangentarccotangentarcsecantarccosecantphaseperiodamplitudeincentre（BrE）,incenter（AmE）excentre（BrE）,excenter（AmE）escentre（BrE）,escenter（AmE）orthocentre（BrE）,orthocenter（AmE）barycentre（BrE）,barycenter（AmE）inscribedcirclecircumcirclestatisticsaverageweightedaveragevarianceroot-mean-squaredeviation,standarddeviationpropotionpercentpercentagepercentilepermutationcombinationprobabilitydistributionnormaldistributionabnormaldistributiongraphbargraphhistogrambrokenlinegraphcurvediagrampiediagram正弦余弦正切余切正割余割反正弦反余弦反正切反余切反正割反余割相位周期振幅内心外心旁心垂心重心内切圆外切圆统计平均数加权平均数方差标准差比例百分比百分点百分位数排列组合概率，或然率分布正态分布非正态分布图表条形统计图柱形统计图折线统计图曲线统计图扇形统计图