电子文本和电子书之

E-TextsandE-Books:MisconceptionsandMissedOpportunities電子文本和電子書之誤解與錯失良機FrederickNestaLingnanUniversity聶思達嶺南大學2E-TextNotanE-Book•Electronictextsaremoreanalogoustoascrollthanacodex•Theadvantagesofthecodexmaybelostinthedigitalworld,ratherthanenhanced3PrintPreference•64%increaseinthenumberofnewbookspublishedintheUnitedStatesfrom1999to2004•291,920newUStitlesin2006.Computerbooksaredecliningbute-textsarenotdrivingpublishersfromprint•Numberofprintbookshasdoubledfrom1.1.millionto2.5millionsince1993•Salesofe-textsonly0.2%ofallUSbookssalesin2006•15%ofrespondentsina2005OCLCsurveyreportedusingonlinetexts,comparedto47%whousedonlinebookshops4ThreeProblems•Usability•Access•Budgeting5CodexAdvantages•Flippingthroughtext•Photocopying•Markup•Portability•Multipletextsopenatthesametime•Indexing•Openplatform6DigitalScroll•Linkstofootnotes?•Bookmarking?•Annotation?•Copying?•Notportable?•SlowConsiderthatonlinenewspapersareverydifferentfromprintnewspapers.Thenatureofthemediumhasbeconsideredindesign.7Access•NoInter-libraryloanfordigitaltexts•Digital-onlypublishing?•Viabilityofdigitaltextsinthefuture•Ifdigitaltextsarescreenonly,timespentatlibrarycomputersgoesup.Canlibrariessupplyenoughworkstations?8ReferenceWorks•Referencewillshifttodigitalonly•Movetosubscriptionratherthanpurchase•Commitmentforthefuture–Costofcontinualownership?9ReferenceWorks•Accessto‘old’dataproblematical•Willdigitalreferencemaintainanarchivethatwillprovidehistoricaldata,variantinterpretations?–Costofcontinualownership?–Willvendorscreatenewbackfilesetsforpurchase?10ReferenceWorksSubstantialReferenceworksbecomeinvisible:the34volumesofGrovedisplayassinglelineinGroveArtOnline11Discoveryvs.Access•Mainvalueofdigitaltextsisdiscovery:findingtherightfootnote•Digitaltextplatformsarefragmentedandsearchfunctionslimited12willdoitallanyway?•Manylibrarydigitalprojectsisolatedandhidden•Google,MSN,otherprojectsfragmented,qualityvaries•MSNjustannouncedthatitwillnotcontinuetoscanbooks–itcan’tcompetewithGoogleandbooksdon’tbringinadvertising•Scholarlyapparatuslacking13Discovery•GreatestmeritofGoogleBookSearchisdiscovery–Nationalcopyrightdepositagenciesshoulddosimilarscanning–Imaginefull-textsearchableOPACs14TheMiddleWay?•Howpeopleactuallyusetextsshouldguidechoiceofformat•Considerramificationsofdigitalworld–Sharing–Costs•Financial•Equipment/Space/Time–Archiving•[e-mail]