大学英语精读第二册-Unit2-Lessons-from-Jefferson单词

Unit2LessonsfromJeffersonWhoWasHe？ThomasJefferson5cents正面图案是美国第三任总统，即美国《独立宣言》起草人托马斯.杰斐逊，背面是蒙蒂塞洛庄园2美元券(1976)正面是美国第三届总统托马斯.杰斐逊肖像，斯图亚特原作。背面是杰弗逊故居(1976年以前版)、独立宣言签字会场(1976年以后版)。InformationaboutThomasJefferson•ThethirdpresidentoftheUS•AuthoroftheDeclarationofIndependence•Acommitteememberasayoungman•Statesman/diplomat(AmbassadortoFrance)•Expertinagriculture,archeologyandmedicine•Philosopher/thinker•Inventor•Architect•Educator•WriterJeffersonwasagoodandtirelesswriterFiftyvolumesofhiscompleteworksAuthoroftheDeclarationofIndependenceMillionshavethrilledtohiswordsIhadratherbeshutupinaverymodestcottage,withmybooks,myfamilyandafewoldfriends,diningonsimplebacon,andlettingtheworldrollonasitlikesthantooccupythemostsplendidpostwhichanyhumanpowercangive.我宁愿隐居在恬淡祥和的村庄里，粗茶淡饭，与书、朋友和家人为伴，让世界按照自己的方式自然的去运转，而不愿拥有世人所能赋予的显赫的职位。Nopersonalambitionloveforbooks,familyandfriendsHischaracteristicsHisbeliefsWeholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheircreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthepursuitofHappiness.(fromtheDeclarationofIndependence)我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，他们都从他们的“造物主”那边被赋予了某些不可转让的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。freedomdemocracyequalityWarm-upquestions:Doyouadmireanyfamouspeopleathomeandabroad?Why?Nowadays,moreandmoreyoungpeoplejustidolizesomecelebrityblindly.Whatdoyouthinkofthesituation?Shareamotto（座右铭）withus.ZhouEnlaiwasoneofthemajorleadersoftheChineseCommunistmovement.HewasthefirstpremierofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,aposthehelduntilhisdeathin1976.HewaseducatedinJapanandEuropeandachievedhighrankintheCommunistmovementatanearlyage.Hewaswellknownasaskilledinternationalnegotiator.AsprimeministerofBritainduringWorldWarII,ChurchillrousedtheBritishtostandagainstNaziGermany.ThesightofChurchill,withhiscigarandtwofingersraisedinaVforvictorysalute,inspiredBritonstorisetowhathecalledtheirfinesthour.GeorgeWashington(1732-1799):Commander-in-ChiefoftheContinentalArmyduringtheAmericanRevolution,statesmanandfirstPresidentoftheUnitedStates,borninWestmorelandCounty,VirginiaonFebruary22,1732.AbrahamLincoln(1809-1865):the16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,bornonFebruary12,1809inabackwoodscabinthreemilessouthofHodgenville,Kentucky,preservedtheUnionduringtheCivilWarandbroughtabouttheemancipationoftheslaves.FranklinD.Roosevelt(1882-1945)the32ndPresidentoftheUnitedStates;electedfourtimes;institutedNewDealtocounterthegreatdepressionandledcountryduringWorldWarII.BillClinton(1946-)•the42ndPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1993-1996)•thefirstpresidentbornafterWorldWarII•electedtoasecondtermin1996.HillaryClinton(1947-)•FirstLady(1993-2001)•NewYorkStateSenatorIn2000•runningforthepresidency•SecretaryofStatethe44thpresidentoftheUS(2009-2017)thefirstAfrican-AmericanpresidentNobelprizewinnerforPeaceBarackObama(1961-)DonaldJohnTrump（1946-）1946年6月14日出生于纽约，美国第45任总统、美国商业大亨、政治家、电视名人。唐纳德·特朗普是特朗普集团董事长及总裁，也是特朗普娱乐公司的创始人，在全世界经营房地产、赌场和饭店。由于担任自己的NBC实境节目秀《谁是接班人》的主持人而更广为人知。2016年11月美国大选投票胜选。特朗普于2017年1月20日宣誓就职。NewWordsdepend(v.)--dependent(adj.)--dependence(n.)depend/dependence/dependentonindependence(n.)independent(adj.)Eg:ArgentinadeclareditsindependencefromSpainin1816.obtainvt.&vi.获得obtainemployment就业obtain1sthandinformation获取第一手资料obtainevidence取证Eg:Ittakes10yuantoobtainafakestudent’sIDCard.investigationn.调查makeaninvestigationintoon-the-spotinvestigation实地考查underinvestigation在调查中e.g.Noinvestigation,norighttospeak.investigatevt.调查appointvt.&vi.任命,指定e.g.Hewasappointedas/tobeChairmanoftheStudents’Union．appointsb.as/(tobe)appointsb.(todo)sth.appointsb.to(ajob,post,position,etc.)appointmentn.约会，预约have/makeanappointmentwith与…约会committeen.委员会theInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)国际奥林匹克委员会partycommittee党委organizingcommittee组织委员会managementcommittee管理委员会executivecommittee执行委员会originn.起源，出身Eg:Wedonotdifferentiatebetweenourworkersonthebasisoftheirbackgroundorethnicorigin.我们不以工人们的背景或种族来源区别对待他们。humbleorigin卑微出身theoriginofspecies物种起源threatenvt.&vi.威胁threatensb.withsth.threatentodosththreatensb.intodoingsth.Eg1:Ourteacheralwaysthreatensuswiththetest．Eg2:Everytimetheyhaveanargument,hiswifethreatenstoleavehim.threatn.threatening/threatened--adj.threateningletter恐吓信threatenedspecies受威胁物种，濒危物种rejectvt.拒绝，抵制Sherejectedhisproposal．Itislikelythatsheisrejectedbytheschoolbecauseofthelowscore.rejectionn.拒绝inject:v.注入，注射injectionn.注射，注入object:v.不赞成，反对；n.物品，东西，对象objectionn.反对，异议judgevt.&vi.审判，判断n.法官Thewomanwasfinallyjudgedguilty.那个女人最终被判有罪。Ican'tjudgewhoisright.Don'tjudgefromappearances.不要以貌取人。judgeandjury法官与陪审团judgeof判断；评价judgeby/from根据…作出判断hesitatevt.&vi.犹豫，踌躇hesitatetodoEg1:Ifyouhaveanyproblem，don’thesitate(amoment)tocontactme．Eg2:Hewhohesitatesislost．当断不断，必受其乱hesitationn.犹豫withouthesitation毫不犹豫conflictvi.&n.冲突，战斗Theconflictbetweenthemseemsceaseless.他们之间冲突似乎没个止息。inconflictwithYourstatementisinconflictwiththeevidence.prefervt.&vi.更喜欢，宁愿prefersthtosthShepreferslovetofriendship.prefertodosthIpreferredtoskiptheclassthismorning.prefertodoratherthandoIprefertofailthetestratherthanattendtheclass.resentvt.