【管理类】项目管理（全英文版）(13)

©1996ProjectManagementInstitute,130SouthStateRoad,UpperDarby,PA19082USA135APPENDICESA.TheProjectManagementInstituteStandards-SettingProcessB.EvolutionofPMI’sAGuidetotheProjectManagementBodyofKnowledgeC.ContributorsandReviewersD.NotesE.ApplicationAreaExtensionsF.AdditionalSourcesofInformationonProjectManagementG.SummaryofProjectManagementKnowledgeAreasiiiNOTES136©1996ProjectManagementInstitute,130SouthStateRoad,UpperDarby,PA19082USA137THEPROJECTMANAGEMENTINSTITUTESTANDARDS-SETTINGPROCESSaThefollowingprocedurewasestablishedasInstitutepolicybyavoteoftheProjectManagementInstitute(PMI)BoardofDirectorsatitsOctober1993meeting.A.1PMIStandardsDocumentsPMIStandardsDocumentsarethosedevelopedorpublishedbyPMIthatdescribegenerallyacceptedpracticesofprojectmanagement,specifically:•AGuidetotheProjectManagementBodyofKnowledge(PMBOK).•ProjectManagementBodyofKnowledgeHandbooks.AdditionaldocumentsmaybeaddedtothislistbytheDirectorofStandardssub-jecttotheadviceandconsentofPMI’sProfessionalDevelopmentGroup(PDG).StandardsDocumentsmaybeoriginalworkspublishedbyPMIortheymaybepub-licationsofotherorganizationsorindividuals.StandardsDocumentswillbedevelopedinaccordancewiththe“CodeofGoodPracticeforStandardization”developedbytheInternationalOrganizationforStan-dardization(ISO).A.2DevelopmentofOriginalWorksStandardsDocumentsthatareoriginalworkstobepublishedbyPMIwillbedevel-opedasfollows:•Prospectivedeveloper(s)willsubmitaproposaltotheDirectorofStandards.TheDirectormayalsorequestsuchproposals.TheDirectorwillacceptorre-jectsuchproposalsandwillinformtheproposerastotherationaleforthede-cision.Iftheproposalrequiresfundinginexcessofthatbudgetedforstan-dardsdevelopment,theDirectorwillsubmittheproposaltothePMIBoardbeforeapprovingit.•TheDirectorwillsupportthedeveloper’seffortssoastomaximizetheprob-abilitythattheendproductwillbeaccepted.•Whentheproposedmaterialhasbeencompletedtothesatisfactionofthede-veloper,thedeveloperwillsubmitthematerialtotheDirectorofStandards.TheDirectorwillappointatleastthreeknowledgeableindividualstoreviewandcommentonthematerial.Basedoncommentsreceived,theDirectorwilldecidewhethertoacceptthematerialasanExposureDraft.Developer(s)willberequiredtosignPMI’sstandardcopyrightreleasepriortopublicationoftheExposureDraft.•ExposureDraftswillbepublishedundertheaegisofthePMIPublicationsBoardandmustmeetthestandardsofthatgroupregardingtypographyandstyle.•ExposureDraftswillbegenerallyavailabletoanyonewhowishestoreviewthematerial.TheDirectorofStandardswilldefineareviewperiodofnotlessthansixmonthsforallExposureDrafts.EachExposureDraftwillincludeanoticeaskingforcommentstobesenttotheDirectorandnotingtheexpirationofthereviewperiod.138©1996ProjectManagementInstitute,130SouthStateRoad,UpperDarby,PA19082USAAPPENDIXAAGUIDETOTHEPROJECTMANAGEMENTBODYOFKNOWLEDGE•Attheconclusionofthereviewperiod,theDirectorofStandardswillreviewcommentsreceivedandwillworkwiththedeveloper(s)andothersasneededtoincorporateappropriatecomments.Ifthecommentsaremajor,theDirectormayelecttorepeattheExposureDraftreviewprocess.TheDirectorwillpromptlysubmitproposedStandardsDocumentstothePDGforreviewandapproval.ThePDGmay(a)approvethedocumentassubmitted;(b)rejectthedocument;or(c)requirearepetitionoftheExposureDraftreviewprocess.A.3AdoptionofNon-OriginalWorksasStandardsStandardsDocumentsthataretheworkofotherorganizationsorindividualswillbehandledasfollows:•AnyonemaysubmitarequesttotheDirectorofStandardstoconsideranon-PMIpublicationasaPMIStandard.TheDirectorwillappointatleastthreeknowledgeableindividualstoconsiderthematerial.Ifthecommentsreceivedarepositive,theDirectorwillprepareaproposalforthePDGtoconsiderre-gardingaprospectiverelationshipwiththeowner(s)ofthematerial.•TheDirector’sproposalshalladdressthereviewandapprovalprocess,possi-bleeffectsonCertificationandAccreditation,whetherornotPMIBoardac-tionisneeded,andanyfinancialconsiderations.©1996ProjectManagementInstitute,130SouthStateRoad,UpperDarby,PA19082USA139EVOLUTIONOFPMI’SAGUIDETOTHEPROJECTMANAGEMENTBODYOFKNOWLEDGEbB.1InitialDevelopmentPMIwasfoundedin1969onthepremisethatthereweremanymanagementpracticesthatwerecommontoprojectsinapplicationareasasdiverseasconstructionandphar-maceuticals.BythetimeoftheMontrealSeminar/Symposiumin1976,theideathatsuchcommonpracticesmightbedocumentedas“standards”begantobewidelydiscussed.Thisledinturntoconsiderationofprojectmanagementasadistinctprofession.Itwasnotuntil1981,however,thatthePMIBoardofDirectorsapprovedapro-jecttodeveloptheproceduresandconceptsnecessarytosupporttheprofessionofprojectmanagement.Theprojectproposalsuggestedthreeareasoffocus:•Thedistinguishingcharacteristicsofapracticingprofessional(ethics).•Thecontentandstructureoftheprofession’sbodyofknowledge(standards).•Recognitionofprofessionalattainment(accreditation).TheprojectteamthuscametobeknownastheEthics,StandardsandAccredita-tionManagementGroup(ESA).TheESAManagementGroupconsistedofthefol-lowingindividuals:•MatthewH.Parry,Chair•CharlesE.Oliver•DavidC.Aird•WilliamH.Robinson•FrederickR.Fisher•DouglasJ.Ronson•DavidHaeney•PaulSims•Harvey