JBT 5000[1].13-1998重型机械通用技术条件 包装

ICS25.010J08JB/T5000.13－1998重型机械通用技术条件包装TheheavymechanicalgeneraltechniquesandstandardsPacking1998-09-30发布1998-12-01实施国家机械工业局发布I前言1范围····················································································································································································································12引用标准·········································································································································································································13包装型式与技术要求···············································································································································································14框架木箱·········································································································································································································35包装标志·········································································································································································································36随机文件·········································································································································································································47铁路运输对包装的要求··········································································································································································4附录A（标准的附录）限界图·····························································································································································5附录B（提示的附录）包装型式························································································································································7附录C（提示的附录）产品的紧固方法······································································································································11JB/T5000.13－1998目次II前言本标准的附录A是标准的附录，附录B和附录C是提示的附录。本标准由机械工业部冶金设备标准化技术委员会提出并归口。本标准起草单位：沈阳重型机械集团有限责任公司、沈阳矿山机器厂、西安重型机械研究所。本标准主要起草人：魏国君。JB/T5000.13－199811范围本标准规定了重型机械产品的包装型式、包装要求和包装设计等。本标准适用于重型机械产品的包装。凡图样及技术文件中无特殊要求时，均应符合本标准的规定。2引用标准下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。GB190—90危险货物包装标志GB191—90包装储运图示标志GB1413—85集装箱外部尺寸和额定重量GB1834—80通用集装箱最小内部尺寸GB4879—85防锈包装GB6388—86运输包装收发货标志GB7284—87框架木箱3包装型式与技术要求3.1箱装3.1.1普通箱3.1.2普通滑木箱3.1.3框架滑木箱3.1.3.1封闭箱3.1.3.2花格箱3.2局部包装3.3敞装3.4捆装3.5裸装3.6常见包装型式的结构示例及适用范围见附录B（提示的附录）。3.7包装箱顶部型式一般为平顶，如不经海运且无堆码要求时也可采用非平顶。3.8基本要求国家机械工业局1998-09-30批准中华人民共和国机械行业标准重型机械通用技术条件包装TheheavymechanicalgeneraltechniquesandstandardsPackingJB/T5000.13－19981998-12-01实施JB/T5000.13－199823.8.1产品包装应根据产品的特点及储运条件采用不同的包装型式和防护方法。3.8.2产品包装应符合科学、经济、牢固、美观、适销的要求。在正常储运条件下，应保证产品自制造厂包装之日起12个月内不至因包装不善而产生锈蚀、长霉、降低精度、残损或散失等现象。特殊情况按供需双方协议执行。3.8.3包装设计应根据产品特点、储运、装卸条件和用户要求进行，做到包装紧凑、防护周密、安全可靠。3.8.4产品经检验合格，做好防护和其他有关内包装，随机文件齐全，并符合内销或出口要求，方可进行外包装。3.8.5采用集装箱运输的产品，应符合集装箱的要求。集装箱外部尺寸、额定重量和最小内部尺寸要求按GB1413和GB1834的有关规定。3.8.6产品包装环境应清洁、干燥，无有害介质。3.8.7包装箱或产品零部件的最大外形尺寸、重量应符合国内外运输方面有关超限超重的规定。3.8.8特大、特重零部件，以铁路运输需用特殊车辆时，应绘出装车加固结构图，并注明最大外形尺寸、重心位置。3.8.9焊、铸件或加工精度较低的零部件，应尽量采用裸装、捆扎等包装形式。3.8.10装箱件的清点以装箱单为依据（不管任何一种包装形式，均应填写装箱单）。装箱编号以分数形式表示——其分母为总箱数，分子为顺序数。3.8.11产品应按包装设计图样要求进行包装，图中无法绘出的加固方法应在技术要求中加以说明。3.9分箱要求3.9.1在一个包装箱（件）中只能装同台次产品的零部件。3.9.2内销产品在储运、装卸条件允许的情况下，尽量以完整的机器（部件）包装发至用户。在一般的情况下，分箱越少越好。但对经海运又多次装卸的产品，其每箱重量不大于3000kg为宜。3.9.3为缩小包装件的体积，产品的突出部分尽可能拆下，单独做油封包装，固定在同一箱内或另装其他箱中。3.9.4电器、仪器、仪表与机械产品混装时，必须带有原包装或做单独包装处理。对已安装在机械设备上的电器件或仪器、仪表，如其位置突出且易被碰着时，则应采取特殊的防护措施。3.9.5设备上有特殊防护要求的零部件应尽可能拆下，按特殊要求另行包装。3.10装箱要求3.10.1包装前应除去产品在试车时各部分积存的各种污物。如：润滑油、乳化液、水、铁屑、棉纱等。并应按GB4879的要求进行防锈、清洗、涂油。3.10.2产品必须在油漆干燥、检验合格并经采取防锈、防霉等防护措施后，方可按装箱单进行装箱。装箱时应有人监装，以防漏装、错装。3.10.3包装箱内每一单体零部件均应系有识别标签。3.10.4包装箱内所装实物的名称、规格、数量与标签及装箱单所列的内容三者应完全一致。3.10.5产品装箱时应使其重心位置居中靠下，重心偏高者应尽可能采用卧式包装或采取稳固措施。3.10.6需要堆放包装的零部件，应将精度低、重量大、体积大的零部件放在下部。3.10.7在不影响精度的情况下，产品上能够运动的零部件应移至使其具有最小外形尺寸的位置，并加JB/T5000.13－19983以固定。3.10.8需拆下的螺栓、螺母、垫圈等紧固件及其他易散失的小件，应先分类用聚乙烯薄膜或防潮蜡纸包扎，系好标签，集中装入小麻袋或聚丙烯编织袋内，再放入包装箱中。也可装入纸板盒内或小包装箱中，再装入大包装箱内。3.10.9以金属结构型式的包装架或托盘进行包装的产品，应将产品与包装架或托盘固定在一起（卡压或螺栓连接等）。3.10.10传动带、橡胶运输带等应拆下用牛皮纸（不得用油纸）或塑料薄膜包装，固定在箱内适当的位置，切勿与油脂接触。3.10.11电动机、电器装置等，应用塑料罩、绝缘纸或防水纸等密封好。对密封包装的产品，其密封袋或密封箱内应放入干燥剂。3.10.12一般情况下，装箱时零部件不得与箱板或框架木方直接接触，其距离为30~50mm。3.10.13加工精度较高或怕磕碰的零件装箱时，应采取隔垫措施。清洗或酸洗过的钢管两端用塑料盖（管堵）封死。所有带螺纹的管件、杆件、地脚螺栓等全部螺纹，采取防锈措施后，均用塑料网套、聚丙烯编织布或强度较好的其他防护材料缠绕，然后扎紧，以防碰伤螺纹。3.10.14裸装件、敞装件和花格箱内的机件上的润滑油孔、螺孔、销孔等，采取防锈措施后，全部用塑料堵（盖）、复合胶带或其他防护材料封死，以防沙尘及雨水侵入。3.10.15包装准备工作一切就绪后，必须经检查人员进行检查，其检查的内容应包括制箱材料、结构、尺寸和组装情况，产品的装箱状况及产品在箱内的固定、防护包装等。检查的结果必须符合包装图样和本标准的有关规定，方可封箱。3.11敞装要求3.11.1应尽可能用钉子或螺栓将产品固定在底座上，如果不可能，可考虑用钢带固定。3.11.2包装底座在长度和宽度上一般不小于产品的尺寸。3.11.3如果需要，可以在产品与底座之间，以及产品与固定件之间装上相应的衬垫。3.12捆装要求3.12.1适用于捆装发运的管材、圆钢、型钢及简易结构件可以采用木夹或用钢带、镀锌铁丝捆扎。3.12.2长度达到5.5m的产品应捆扎或紧固不少于3处，10m以内的产品应不少于5处，10m或超过10m的产品原则上相隔3m捆扎1处。3.12.3直径不等的管材捆扎时，先将直径小的捆在一起，再与大直径的捆在一起，捆扎应牢固，经多次起吊搬运后，不得出现可能窜出件的松动和散捆。3.12.4在捆扎和紧固处应利用适当的减震材料保护，以防直接与产品接触。3.12.5薄壁管材不允许捆扎，应用木箱包装