高二英语名词性从句

高二英语名词性从句要点精讲高考重点要求1．掌握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构。2．弄清名词性从句的连词意义，掌握其用法。3．根据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词。名词从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。我们看一下它们的属性。如：thathefailedtheentranceexamination1)________madeallofussurprised.2)Hetoldme________.3)Theresultis_______.4)Thenews_____surprisedme.我们在四个句子中可以填入thathefailedtheentranceexamination这个句子，发现都可成立。从上例不难看出，从本质上讲，这四类句子的属性是相同的，即：都起名词作用，只不过称谓不同,在整个句子中担当成分不同而已。纵观几年高考，对复合句的考查重在连词，名词从句也不例外，基本上是针对引导词设题。引导词的分类：1．连接代词：what,who,whom,whose,which，whatever,whoever,whichever,且这些词在从句中担当主、宾、表、定语作用。2．连接副词：why,when,where,how在从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式、程度状语。whether,if在从句中不充当成分，但整个句式中不可缺少，用以体现事件的不确定性。3．that是名词从句中一个很活跃的词，但它只起连接作用，陈述某一事实，引导宾语从句时某些情况可以省略。针对如下情况，可进行对比：1)______hewillcometocallonisuncertain.2)_______hewillcometocallonusisuncertain.3)_____hewillcometocallonusmakesusunhappy.从第一句中我们可以看出主语从句本身并不完整，缺少callon的宾语，应加who;第二句中表语为uncertain,可知主语部分为未知信息，可加入when,why,how,whether等;第三句表一种已知事实，故应加入that。二．that,whether,if在名词从句中的使用情况1．that在宾从中大多数情况下可以省略，在主、宾、表中不可省去。但注意以下宾从中that不可省。IknownothingofhimexceptthatheisfromHenan.(介词后宾从中的that不可省)２．whether,if宾语从句中可换用，但在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中不可用if。但注意在宾语从句中不能用if的情况：Italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus.(从句作介词宾语时不可用if)Hedoesn'tknowwhethertostayornot.（后直接跟不定式时，不能用if）Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikeit.(这句是有双重意思的，如果视为宾语从句，就应换为whether.否则就引起歧义。三．从句的区分1)Hetellsmehisidea___wereducethecost.2)Wearediscussingtheidea____hecameupwithyesterday.第一句中wereducethecost应视为是idea内容的一种说明，是同位语从句，而第二句中idea可视为comeupwith的宾语，缺少引导定从的关系代词that或which,当然可以省去关系代词。四．分类复习中应注意的问题：1.在主语从句中it的使用Thathewillcometothepartyiscertain。表意上并没有错误，但实际上并不太符合用语习惯，因此采用it作形式主语，使句式平衡。Itiscertainthathewillcometotheparty.同样道理，it也可用作形式宾语。2．宾语从句中的情况1）时态的呼应问题。2）特殊句式：动词suggest,insist,demand,order,request,require等引起的从句需用虚拟句式主语+should+原形动词,should也可省。Hesuggestedthatweshouldpayavisittothattown.(建议)但注意：Whathesaidsuggestedthathehadknownthetruth.(表明)同样，insistHeinsistedthatwedoitatonce.(坚持要做)Heinsistedthathehaddonenothingwrong.(坚持说一种事实)wish引起从句时从句中时态常转为过去时态。Iwishthattherewerenoexaminationsinschool.Howhewisheshehadworkedhardinjuniormiddleschool!强化练习1.It'snolongeraquestionnow_____mancanlandonthemoon.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what2._____hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeveryoneatpresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter3.Infrontof___remainedofmyoldhouse,Itooksomepictures,whichcalledupmychildhood.A.whichB.theplaceC.whereD.what4._____youcangotocollegethisyeardependson___youarestudyinghardnow.A.That,thatB.Whether,whetherC.If,ifD.Whether,if5._____hasrecentlybeendonetoprovidemorebusesforthepeople,ashortageofpublicvehicles(车辆)remainsaseriousproblem.A.ThatB.WhatC.ThoughwhatD.Inspiteofwhat6.I'lltellyou_____heexpectswillwinsuchandsuchamatch.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.that7.Ididn'tquitefollowyou.Whatwas_____youjustsaidabouttheplace?A.thatB.whichC.howD.where8.Mariahastobaby-sit.That's_____shecan'tcomeoutwithus.A.whenB.howC.whyD.what9.After____seemedaverylongtime,thebadly-woundedsoldiercamebacktolife.A.thatB.itC.whichD.what10._____shewaschosenmonitormadehimexcited.A.WhatB.ThatC.IfD.Whether11.Idon'tthink_____Jennycancomehomethisweekend.A.howB.whyC.thatD.when12.WhenItrytofind_____thatpreventssomanypeoplefromtakingpartintheprogram,itseemstomethattherearetwomeancauses.A.whatitdoesB.whatitisC.whyitdoesD.whyitis13.Youshouldstickto_____youhavebegununtilyousucceed.A.whichB.thatC.whateverD.nomatterwhat14.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_____.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis1.A2.A3.D4.B5.D6.A7.A8.C9.D10.B11.C12.B13.C14.DWhatever与nomatterwhatItisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants．A．whateverB．nomatterwhatC．wheneverD．nomatterwhen此题应选A。容易误选B。选项C，D显然是错的，因为句中的wants缺宾语，而C，D两项不能作宾语。至于C，D的区别，可这样描述：nomatterwhat只能引导状语从句，而不引导名词性从句。而whatever既可引导名词性从句（＝anythingthat），也可引导状语从句（＝nomatterwhat）：1．引导名词性从句（只用whatever）：无论他做什么都是对的。正：Whateverhedidwasright．误：Nomatterwhathedidwasright．山羊找到什么就吃什么。正：Goatseatwhatevertheyfind．误：Goatseatnomatterwhattheyfind．2．引导状语从句（两者可换用）：无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。正：Whateveryousay，Iwon'tbelieveyou．正：Nomatterwhatyousay，Iwon'tbelieveyou．无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。正：Keepcalm，whateverhappens．正：Keepcalm，nomatterwhathappens．如何区分引导名词性从句的what,that—Ithink____heneedsismorepractice．—Yes．____heneedsmorepracticeisclear．A．what，WhatB．that，ThatC．what，ThatD．that，What此题应选C。其余三项均可能被误选。What和that都可以引导名词性从句，但有区别：1．what引导名词从句时，它在从句中要充当句子成分（主语、宾语等），而that引导名词从句时，它在从句中不能充当句子成分。2．what引导名词从句时，它有词义（表示：什么；所…的[东西]）；而that引导名词从句时，它没有词义。请做以下试题，注意区别what和that：1．____yousaidisdifferentfromthething____hetoldus．A．What，whatB．That，thatC．What，thatD．That，what2．—Ithinkhesaidistrue．—Butdon'tforgetthefact____heisacheat．A．what，whatB．that，thatC．what，thatD．that，what3．____surprisedusmostis____hespokeEnglishsowell．A．What，whatB．That，thatC．What，that1．C2．C3．C引导名词从句的whether与that____we'llgocampingtomorrowdepenpsontheweather．A．IfB．WhetherC．ThatD．When此题应选B。容易误选A，C。1．关于if与whether：两者都可引导宾语从句，常可换用；但若引导主语从句，则用whether（不用if），排除A。又如：他是否会来还是个问题。误：Ifhewillcomeisaquestion．正：Whetherhewillcomeisaquestion．2．关于whether和that：两者都可引导主语从句，其区别主要应从句意来考虑：whether表示“是否”，由它引导的主语从句的意思通常是不确定的；that引导主语从句时，本身没有词义（that在其它名词性从句中也没有词义），但是由that引导的整个主语从句的意思通常是确定的。试比较：1．a．Thatwe'llholdameetingisde