现代电动,混合动力和燃料电池汽车基础,理论和设计 Modern.Electric,.Hybrid.E

“53981_C000.tex”—pagei[#1]14/8/200911:49“53981_C000.tex”—pageii[#2]14/8/200911:49“53981_C000.tex”—pageiii[#3]14/8/200911:49“53981_C000.tex”—pageiv[#4]14/8/200911:49CRCPressTaylor&FrancisGroup6000BrokenSoundParkwayNW,Suite300BocaRaton,FL33487-2742©2010byTaylorandFrancisGroup,LLCCRCPressisanimprintofTaylor&FrancisGroup,anInformabusinessNoclaimtooriginalU.S.GovernmentworksPrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaper10987654321InternationalStandardBookNumber:978-1-4200-5398-2(Hardback)Thisbookcontainsinformationobtainedfromauthenticandhighlyregardedsources.Reasonableeffortshavebeenmadetopublishreliabledataandinformation,buttheauthorandpublishercannotassumeresponsibilityforthevalidityofallmaterialsortheconsequencesoftheiruse.Theauthorsandpublishershaveattemptedtotracethecopyrightholdersofallmaterialreproducedinthispublicationandapologizetocopyrightholdersifpermissiontopublishinthisformhasnotbeenobtained.Ifanycopyrightmaterialhasnotbeenacknowledgedpleasewriteandletusknowsowemayrectifyinanyfuturereprint.ExceptaspermittedunderU.S.CopyrightLaw,nopartofthisbookmaybereprinted,reproduced,transmitted,orutilizedinanyformbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopying,microfilming,andrecording,orinanyinformationstor-ageorretrievalsystem,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublishers.Forpermissiontophotocopyorusematerialelectronicallyfromthiswork,pleaseaccess()orcontacttheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.(CCC),222RosewoodDrive,Danvers,MA01923,978-750-8400.CCCisanot-for-profitorganizationthatpro-videslicensesandregistrationforavarietyofusers.Fororganizationsthathavebeengrantedapho-tocopylicensebytheCCC,aseparatesystemofpaymenthasbeenarranged.TrademarkNotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregisteredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintenttoinfringe.VisittheTaylor&FrancisWebsiteat“53981_C000.tex”—pagev[#5]14/8/200911:49ContentsPreface................................................xvAuthors...............................................xix1EnvironmentalImpactandHistoryofModernTransportation..11.1AirPollution.....................................11.1.1NitrogenOxides.............................21.1.2CarbonMonoxide............................21.1.3UnburnedHCs..............................31.1.4OtherPollutants.............................31.2GlobalWarming..................................31.3PetroleumResources...............................51.4InducedCosts....................................81.5ImportanceofDifferentTransportationDevelopmentStrategiestoFutureOilSupply............91.6HistoryofEVs...................................121.7HistoryofHEVs..................................141.8HistoryofFuelCellVehicles.........................17References..........................................182FundamentalsofVehiclePropulsionandBrake..............192.1GeneralDescriptionofVehicleMovement...............192.2VehicleResistance.................................202.2.1RollingResistance............................202.2.2AerodynamicDrag...........................232.2.3GradingResistance...........................242.3DynamicEquation................................262.4Tire–GroundAdhesionandMaximumTractiveEffort......282.5PowerTrainTractiveEffortandVehicleSpeed............302.6VehiclePowerPlantandTransmissionCharacteristics......322.6.1PowerPlantCharacteristics.....................322.6.2TransmissionCharacteristics....................352.6.3ManualGearTransmission.....................352.6.3.1HydrodynamicTransmission..............382.6.3.2ContinuouslyVariableTransmission........422.7VehiclePerformance...............................432.7.1MaximumSpeedofaVehicle....................432.7.2Gradeability................................442.7.3AccelerationPerformance......................45v“53981_C000.tex”—pagevi[#6]14/8/200911:49viContents2.8OperatingFuelEconomy............................482.8.1FuelEconomyCharacteristicsofICEngines.........482.8.2ComputationofVehicleFuelEconomy.............492.8.3BasicTechniquestoImproveVehicleFuelEconomy...512.9BrakePerformance................................532.9.1BrakingForce...............................532.9.2BrakingDistributiononFrontandRearAxles.......552.9.3BrakingRegulationandBrakingPerformanceAnalysis.........................612.9.3.1BrakingRegulation.....................612.9.3.2BrakingPerformanceAnalysis.............62References..........................................653InternalCombustionEngines...........................673.14S,Spark-IgnitedICEngines.........................673.1.1OperatingPrinciples..........................673.1.2OperationParameters.........................693.1.2.1RatingValuesofEngines.................693.1.2.2IndicatedWorkperCyclesandMeanEffectivePressure......................693.1.2.3MechanicalEfficiency...................713.1.2.4SpecificFuelConsumptionandEfficiency....723.1.2.5SpecificEmiss