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1、THEDECLARATIONOFINDEPENDENCEFirstDraftWhen,inthecourseofhumanevents,itbecomesnecessaryforapeopletoadvancefromthatsubordinationinwhichtheyhavehithertoremained,andtoassumeamongthepowersoftheearth,theequalandindependentstationtowhichthelawsofnatureandofnature'sgodentitlethem,adecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtothechangeWeholdthesetruthstobe[sacredandundeniable]selfevident,thatallmenarecreatedequalandindependent;thatfromthatequalcreationtheyderi。
2、veinrightsinherentandinalienables,amongwhicharethepreservationoflife,andlibertyandthepursuitofhappiness;thattosecuretheseends,governmentsareinstitutedamongmen,derivingtheirjustpowersfromtheconsentofthegoverned;thatwheneveranyformofgovernmentshallbecomedestructiveoftheseends,itistherightofthepeopletoalterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutenewgovernment,layingitsfoundationonsuchprinciplesandorganizingit'spowersinsuchform,astothemshallseemmostlikelytoeffecttheirsafetyandhappiness.prudence,indeed,willdicta。
3、tethatgovernmentslongestablishedshouldnotbechangedforlightandtransientcauses:andaccordinglyallexperiencehathshewnthatmankindaremoredisposedtosufferwhileevilsaresufferable,thantorightthemselvesbyabolishingtheformstowhichtheyareaccustomed.butwhenalongtrainofabusesandusurpations,begunatadistinguishedperiod,andpursuinginvariablythesameobjectevincesadesignto[subject]reducethemtoarbitrarypower,itistheirright,itistheirduty,tothrowoffsuchgovernment,andtoprovidenewguardsfortheirfuturesecurity.--Suchhasbe。
4、enthepatientsufferanceofthesecolonies;andsuchisnowthenecessitywhichconstrainsthemtoexpungetheirformersystemsofgovernment.thehistoryofhispresentmajestyisahistoryofunremittinginjuriesandusurpations,amongwhichnofactstandssingleorsolitarytocontradicttheuniformtenoroftherest,allofwhichhaveindirectobjecttheestablishmentofanabsolutetyrannyoverthesestates.toprovethis,letfactsbesubmittedtoacandidworld,forthetruthofwhichwepledgeafaithyetunsulliedbyfalsehood.SecondDraftInCongress,July4,1776,THEUNANIMOUSDEC。
5、LARATIONOFTHETHIRTEENUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICAWhenintheCourseofhumanevents,itbecomesnecessaryforonepeopletodissolvethepoliticalbandswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthePowersoftheearth,theseparateandequalstationtowhichtheLawsofNatureandofNature'sGodentitlethem,adecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheseparation.Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,t。
6、hatamongtheseareLife,Liberty,andthepursuitofHappiness.Thattosecuretheserights,GovernmentsareinstitutedamongMen,derivingtheirjustpowersfromtheconsentofthegoverned.ThatwheneveranyformofGovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseends,itistheRightofthePeopletoalterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutenewGovernment,layingitsfoundationonsuchprinciplesandorganizingitspowersinsuchform,astothemshallseemmostlikelytoeffecttheirSafetyandHappiness.Prudence,indeed,willdictatethatGovernmentslongestablishedshouldnotbechangedfor。
7、lightandtransientcauses;andaccordinglyallexperiencehathshown,thatmankindaremoredisposedtosuffer,whileevilsaresufferable,thantorightthemselvesbyabolishingtheformstowhichtheyareaccustomed.Butwhenalongtrainofabusesandusurpations,pursuinginvariablythesameObject,evincesadesigntoreducethemunderabsoluteDespotism,itistheirright,itistheirduty,tothrowoffsuchGovernment,andtoprovidenewGuardsfortheirfuturesecurity.SuchhasbeenthepatientsufferanceoftheseColonies;andsuchisnowthenecessitywhichconstrainsthemtoalt。
8、ertheirformerSystemsofGovernment.ThehistoryofthepresentKingofGreatBritainisahistoryofrepeatedinjuriesandusurpations,allhavingindirectobjecttheestablishmentofanabsoluteTyrannyovertheseStates.Toprovethis,letFactsbesubmittedtoacandidworld.HehasrefusedhisAssenttoLaws,themostwholesomeandnecessaryforthepublicgood.HehasforbiddenhisGovernorstopassLawsofimmediateandpressingimportance,unlesssuspendedintheiroperationtillhisAssentshouldbeobtained;andwhensosuspended,hehasutterlyneglectedtoattendtothem.Hehasr。
9、efusedtopassotherLawsfortheaccommodationoflargedistrictsofpeople,unlessthosepeoplewouldrelinquishtherightofRepresentationintheLegislature,arightinestimabletothemandformidabletotyrantsonly.Hehascalledtogetherlegislativebodiesatplacesunusual,uncomfortable,anddistantfromthedepositoryoftheirpublicRecords,forthesolepurposeoffatiguingthemintocompliancewithhismeasures.HehasdissolvedRepresentativeHousesrepeatedly,foropposingwithmanlyfirmnesshisinvasionsontherightsofthepeople.Hehasrefusedforalongtime,aft。
10、ersuchdissolutions,tocauseotherstobeelected;wherebytheLegislativepowers,incapableofAnnihilation,havereturnedtothePeopleatlargefortheirexercise;theStateremaininginthemeantimeexposedtoallthedangersofinvasionfromwithout,andconvulsionswithin.HehasendeavouredtopreventthepopulationoftheseStates;forthatpurposeobstructingtheLawsofNaturalizationofForeigners;refusingtopassotherstoencouragetheirmigrationshither,andraisingtheconditionsofnewAppropriationsofLands.HehasobstructedtheAdministrationofJustice,byref。
本文标题:bills of rights
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