定语从句

1.Heisthetallestboyinhisclass.2.Theapplesherearebigandsweet.指出下列句中的定语成分:定语从句1.什么叫定语从句?2.为什么要有定语从句?形容词,修饰boy,副词，修饰apples,比较：Theapplesthatheboughtforhisdaughteronhiswaybackyesterdaywerebigandsweet.修饰名词的成分叫定语这里的苹果定语从句,修饰apples,他昨天在回来的路上为他女儿买的(苹果)以句子形式作定语叫做定语从句.从句能表达一个动作概念的修饰成分个子最高的男孩More定语从句1.修饰名词或代词或整个句子的，起定语作用的从句叫做定语从句2.它的作用相当于形容词3.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词5.从句引导词:关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as,关系副词when,wherewhy4.关系代词和关系副词，也叫引导词.联系定语从句和先行词.充当从句中的一个句子成分6.定语从句必须跟在先行词后面.as从句例外基本概念:1.修饰名词或代词或整个句子1.Thewomanisadoctor.2.Anyonewillbefined.____________那位妇女是一位医生.任何_____________人将被处罚.who从句修饰__________太阳为我们提供光和热,______________.which从句修饰________和他在谈话的who从句修饰_____________名词thewoman修饰who在中文中未体现,但它是从句的引导词，不可缺少不遵守规则的代词he整个主句这使得植物生长which意为“这、这件事、这一点”whoistalkingwithhimwhodoesn’tobeytherules2.定语从句的作用相当于形容词1.Thewomanwhoistalkingwithhimisadoctor.和他在谈话的妇女是一位医生.who…部分相当于一个_______修饰修饰闪光的不全是金子.thatglitters相当于一个______3.被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词1.Allthatglittersisnotgold.all被thatglitters修饰,all是先行词2.修饰thegirls是先行词形容词形容词修饰4.关系代词和关系副词叫做从句的引导词a.联系定语从句和先行词b.充当定语从句的一个句子成分任何一个从句都必须有它的引导词1.HeisthemanwhomIwanttosee.他就是我要见的人.whom联系定语从句和theman,whom充当定语从句中see的宾语2.Thewomanwhoistalkingwithhimisadoctor.和他在谈话的那位妇女是一位医生.who联系定语从句和______________who充当定语从句中的_______________thewoman主语5.从句引导词:关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that,as,关系副词when,wherewhy1.DoyouknowthemanwhocanspeakEnglish?.2.That’sthewomanwhomthepolicemanislookingfor.3.Wehavesomestudentswhoseparentsarecollegeteachers4.Icanlendyouaboxinwhichyouputyoubooks.5.Lastweekhereadanovelthatwasveryinteresting6.Hestudiedhereintheyearwhenhewasonlyfifteen.8.Idon’tknowthereasonwhyheisangry.7.Hefoundhisball-penintheroomwherewehadameeting9.Asweallknow,TaiwanisapartoftheChinesemainland.翻译成中文６．定语从句必须跟在先行词后面.as从句例外1.Theypassedthevillagewherehisgrandparentslived.2.Abookstoreisastorethatsellsbooks.先行词/被修饰词在前修饰句首句中句尾1.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanisapartofofChina.2.Taiwan,asisknowntoall,isapartofofChina.3.TaiwanisapartofofChina,asisknowntoall.不要了他们经过了住着他们祖父母的那个村庄.修饰修饰汉语与英语中定语的位置正好相反定语从句在后书店就是售书的店.修饰As从句who指人,是主格,在从句中作主语1.Thewomanwhoistalkingwithhimisadoctor.2.Whereisthemanwhowashere?正在和他交谈的那位妇女是医生.刚才在这儿的那个人现在在哪儿?从句中作主语从句中作主语3.Idon’tknowthegirlswho____(be)fromtheNo.2middleschool.arewho的单复数取决于先行词whom指人,是宾格,在从句中作宾语,可以省略1.Theyoungwriter(whom)wevisitedlastweekhasleftforParis.who可以代替whom也可以说:TheyoungwriterwhowevisitedlastweekhasleftforParis.因此，此句共有三种说法从句中作宾语介词可以放在whom前面,这时whom不可省略,who不能做介词宾语Thewoman(whom/who)youspoketoisourclassteacher.Thewomantowhom/towhoyouspokeisourclassteacher.2.That’stheman(whom/who)youshouldpayattention(？)漏了to,(whom/who)是payattentionto的宾语请翻译:你和她讲话的那位妇女是我们的班主任.又如:昨天我和他一起回家的那个男孩是约翰.(五种说法)TheboywhomIwenthomewithisJohn.TheboywithwhomIwenthomeisJohnTheboyIwenthomewithisJohn.TheboywhoIwenthomewithisJohn错to.TheboythatIwenthomewithisJohn.that可以指人3.Theteacheryousawhimintheparkteachesphysics.()saw的宾语是whom,这里省略了,him多余说出其他三种正确的说法:whose是所有格,“……的”,指人,也指物,可与ofwhich互换使用1.Theboywhosesisterisasingersingswell.2.Theclassroomwhosewindows(=thewindowsofwhich)facesouthislargeandbright.那个姐姐是歌唱家的男孩歌唱的很好.指人那个窗子朝南的教室又大又明亮.指物又:我借了一本红封面的书.(两种说法)1.Iborrowedabookwhosecoverisred.2.Iborrowedabookthecoverofwhichisred.无区别错More1whose+名词=the名词+ofwhichMore2which/that指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以被省略1.Theball-penwhich/thatliesonthedeskismine.2.Thenecklace(which/that)shelostyesterdaywasagiftfromhermother.3.Heshowedmethepictureswhich/that_____(be)interesting.书桌上的圆珠笔是我的.(作主语,是单数)昨天她丢失的项链是她母亲给的生日礼物.(作宾语可以省略)werewhich/that指pictures因此复数只能用which时在介词后面,作介词宾语时只用whichThepenwithwhichhewrotetheletterwasexpensive.不能说withthat只能用that时1.代替who/whom,指人Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?which不能指人2.在从句中作表语Heisnottheman(that)hewasbefore.表语时不能用whoItwastheonlyschool(that)therewasthen.也不用which3.Who/Which问句中不能用thatWhichisthebook(that)youboughtyesterday?who见上例4.当先行词为something,anything,nothing,everything,littleall,much时1.Thereislittlethattheenemycoulddobesidessurrender.was的表语Those_____wanttogopleasestaybehind.those后只接whowho八种情况2.OnlyMr.Whitecouldunderstandall(that)shesaid.比较:Shetoldusallwhatshedidduringthesummervacation.all不做先行词,是us的同位语,what引导的是宾语从句3.I’msureshehassomething(that/which)youcanborrow.实际使用中something后面也可用which5.当先行词any,no,all,little,every,much,some被修饰时AlllittlenamesI’vereadallthebooksthatyoulenttome.注意:Anyonewhosmokesontheferrywillbefined.任何人在渡船上吸烟都将被罚款.指人时仍用who7.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时Solvethe41.That’stheverybook(that)Iwantfind.2.Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.这正是我要找的书.我们最后参观的地方是化工厂.8.当先行词指人又指物时Hetalkedabouttheteachersandtheschoolsthathehadvisited.他谈到了他所参观的老师和学校.1.Thisisthefirstcomposition(that)hehaseverwritteninEnglish.2.That’sthebestnovel(that)I’veeverread.6.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时MoreAs在从句中作主语或宾语用法一:必须与such,thesame,as,so一起连用，作主语宾语表语，as代表thesame,such,as,so开始的整个短语1.Heisnotthesameman_____heusedtobe.2.Letchildrenreadsuchbooks_____willmakethembetterandwiser.3.Hereissobigastone_____nomancanlift.4.Asmuchmoney_____isnecessarymustbecollected.asasasas他不再是从前的那个样子了.(作表语)让孩子们读那些使他们更好更聪明的书.(作主语)这儿有块石头很大没人能举起.(作宾语)必须凑足所需的钱.(作主语)两种用法Iwanttoborrowthesamebookasyouhave.Iwanttoborro