英语中的常见语篇模式研究

28220063()JournalofXiangtanNormalUniversity(SocialScienceEdition)Vol.28No.2Mar.2006曾小鹂a,刘金明b(a.;b.,411201):语篇模式是语篇组织的宏观结构,在语篇的生成与理解中起着重要的作用主要根据MichaelHoey和MichaelMcCarthy等的最新语篇研究成果,探讨英语中问题-解决模式一般-特殊模式主张-反应模式机会-获取模式提问-回答模式等常见的语篇组织模式,讨论分析它们的内在规律性及其表现特征:语篇;语篇模式;宏观结构;词汇标志:H315:A:1009-4482(2006)02-0187-04(textpattern)(macro-structure)[1]:,(pattern),MichaelHoey[2](),,(linguisticconsensus)[3],MichaelMcCarthyRonaldCarter[4],,,,,Hoey,WinterMcCarthyCarter,,,-----(rhetoricalconventions),1.-(Problem-Solutionpattern)-(situation)(problem)(response)(evaluation)(re-sult),,()(optional),,:(basis),;,;1[5]图1问题解决模式的宏观结构:Mostpeopleliketotakeacamerawiththemwhentheytravelabroad.ButallairportsnowadayshaveX-rayse-curityscreeningandXrayscandamagefilm.Onesolutiontothisproblemistopurchaseaspeciallydesignedlead-linedpouch.ThesearecheapandcanprotectfilmfromallbutthestrongestXrays[6].,,,,,-187:2005-09-23:(1973-),,,,,(),,,-,2[5]图2问题解决模式的循环,,,:MyLoveStory(1)OnedayMarywasboredanddecidedtogoupintotheattictoseewhatshecouldfind.(2)Afterawhileshecamedownlookingexcited,shehadanideashecouldntgointheattic,itstoodirtyforshehadherbestdresson.(3)Shewenttotheswimmingbathsandlearnthowtoswim.(4)Shelearnedhowtodoitverywellin-deed.(5)Shelearntthebackstrokeandthefrontstroke.(6a)Shelearntthedoggypaddleaswell(6b)butshegotboredsoonandwentfindsomethingelse.(7a)Shefoundasportsclassandshewonthreeracesandlostone,(7b)butsoonshegotboredofthattoo.(8)Thenshefoundachurchandthought,Ihaventgotahusbandandshegotmarriedandyouknowwhat?(9)Theydidallthosethingswhichshethoughtshewouldenjoywithherhusband,andshedidntgetboredatall.(10)Infactshereallyreallyreallylikeditandherhus-banddidreallyreallyreallymuch.(11)Theyevenwenttothesea-sideandtheyenjoyedlivingtogetherevermore[5].,,(Marywasbored)(1)(Marywasbored)(de-cidedtogoupintotheattic);(2)(toodirty);(3)(wenttoswimmingbaths),(4)(5)(6a),(6b)(gotboredsoon);(7a)(foundasportsclass),(7b)(gotboredofthat);(8)(gotmarried),(reallylikedit,etc.),Hoey[5],-,(lexicalsignals)problem,solution,result,,McCarthy[6]:concern,difficulty,dilemma,drawback,ham-per,hind(er/ance),obstacle,problem,snag;change,combat(vb),comeupwith,develop,find,measure(s),respon(d/se);an-swer,consequence,effect,outcome,result,solution,(re)solve;(in)effective,manage,over-come,succeed,(un)successful,viable,work(vb)2.-(General-Particularpattern)--(General-Specificpattern),:,,,:(Generalization-Example),:,;(Preview-De-tail),:,,3[6]图3一般特殊模式的宏观结构:Knowledgeoftenresultsonlyafterpersistentinves-tigation.AlbertEinstein,afteralengthyexaminationofthecharacteristicsofmatterandenergy,formulatedhisfamousTheoryofRelativity,whichnowactsasabasisforfurtherre-searchinnuclearphysics.Usingplastercastsoffootprints,fingerprints,andstraystrandsofhair,adetectivepertina-ciouslypursuesthecriminal.AfteryearsofworkAnnieJumpCannonperfectedtheclassificationofthespectraofsome350,000stars.Investigationsintothecausesofpoliohaveprovideduswiththemeansforpreventionandcureofthisdreadeddis-easeonlyaftermanyyearsofresearch.Asstudents,wetooaredeterminedinourinvestigationtofind,retain,andcon-tributetothestoreofhumanknowledge[7].A,,;;,:OneofEnglandsmostfamousfurnituredesignersofthelateGeorgianperiodwasaformerpreacher,ThomasShera-ton,whogavehisnametoadistinctstyle.Workingprimarilywithmahogany,satinwood,androsewood,Sheratondesignfurniturewhichlookedfragilebutactuallywasverystrong.Thebacksofhischairsconsistedoffoursidedframesandcen-tralsplats,thelatterusuallydecoratedwithurnsorlyres.The188legsofthechairswereslenderandtapered,oftenwithsixtoeightsides.Famousforhisexquisitesideboardsandwritingdesks,whichwereaspracticalastheywereattractive,Shera-tondecoratedhisfurniturewithinlaysandbandingsofunusualwoods.Hewasfondofdelicatereliefcarvingsandalsolesscommonlyornamentedhisfurniturewithpaintedflowersandscrolls[8].3B(lookedfragilebutactuallywasverystrong)chairs,side-boards,writingdesks;,Sheraton,,,McCarthy[6],-,,,,,,3.-(Claim-Responsepattern)--(Claim-Counterclaimpattern)-(Hypothetical-Realpattern),(optional),,,,;,,(),,,4[5]图4主张反应模式的宏观结构,,,,Hoey,-,,,:(1)IhaveinmypossessionacopyofapressreleasefromSirAaronKlug,thepresidentoftheRoyalSocietydatedApril1996-amonthafteritwasofficiallyadmittedthatBSEwasprobablythecauseofthenewvariantCJD.(2)Inithestatedthatthesheepformofthedisease,calledScrapie,isknownnottoinfecthumans.(3)Weknownosuchthing.(4)WhatweknowisthatwedonotknowwhetherScrapiecanin-fecthumansandcauseCJD,averydifferentmatter.DrHelenGrantLondon(theGuardian)[5](1),(2)(SirAaronKlug),(3)(4)(DrHelenGrant)Winter(1994)-:assertion,assumption,belief,claim,conclusion,expect,feel,guess,illusion,image,proposition,rumour,speculation,suggestion,suppose,theo-ry,think;,af-firm,agree,confirm,concur,evidence,fact,know,real,right,true,contradict,challenge,correct,deny,dismiss,disagree,dispute,false,lie,mistake,objectto,rebut,repudiate,nottrue,wrong,state,acknowledge,accept,false,infact,inreality,ontheotherhand,,,-[9]4.-(Opportunity-Takingpattern)-,,,offer,opportunity,unique,special.unusual,outstanding,onceinalife-time,onceinabluemoon;,,5[5]图5机会获取模式的宏观结构:TU