JB-T 8431-1996 热锻成形模具钢及其热处理 技术条件

J46JB/T8431－96热锻成形模具钢及其热处理技术条件1996-09-03发布1997-07-01实施中华人民共和国机械工业部发布I前言1范围····················································································································································································································12引用标准·········································································································································································································13分类····················································································································································································································14热锻成形模具钢技术条件·····································································································································································25热锻成形模具钢热处理技术条件·····················································································································································36热锻成形模具钢的选材原则·······························································································································································4附录A（标准的附录）几种新型热锻成形模具钢常用基本参数···················································································5附录B（提示的附录）常用热锻成形模具钢的性能比较·································································································12附录C（提示的附录）不同类型热锻成形模具钢应具备的性能及选材··································································14JB/T8431－96目次II前言本标准系参考国内外十几种模具钢技术标准，总结我国热锻成形模具钢研究成果，并结合我国模具钢工业的现状而制订的。本标准的附录A是标准的附录。本标准的附录B和附录C是提示的附录。本标准由全国模具标准化技术委员会提出。本标准由机械工业部北京机电研究所归口。本标准起草单位：北京机电研究所、第一汽车制造厂、北京模具厂、华中理工大学。本标准主要起草人：李平安、张玉年、杨靖、廖绍基、罗学心。JB/T8431－9611范围本标准规定了热锻成形模具钢的技术要求及热处理技术条件。本标准适用于热态体积成形模具的选材及热处理。2引用标准下列标准所包含的条文，通过在本标准中引用而构成为本标准的条文。本标准出版时，所示版本均为有效。所有标准都会被修订，使用本标准的各方应探讨使用下列标准最新版本的可能性。GB224—78钢的脱碳层深度测定法GB702—86热扎圆钢和方钢尺寸、外形、重量及允许偏差GB1299—85合金工具钢技术条件GB2101—80型钢验收、包装、标志及质量证明书的一般规定GB9452—88热处理炉有效加热区测定方法GB9943—88高速工具钢棒技术条件GB10561—89钢中非金属夹杂物显微评定方法GB11880—89模锻锤和大型机械锻压机用模块技术条件GB/T15824—1995热作模具钢热疲劳试验方法JB3814—85钢的正火与退火处理JB3877—85钢的淬火回火处理JB/T6979—93大中型钢质锻制模块（超声波和夹杂物）质量分级3分类3.1热锻成形模具钢根据模具使用特性可分为锤锻及大截面机锻模具用钢、中小截面机锻模具用钢、切边模具用钢三类。大截面机锻模具尺寸应满足L≥B≥H≥300mm，见图1。3.2热锻成形模具钢按化学成分可分为低合金工具钢、合金工具钢、高速工具钢三类。图1大截面机锻模具尺寸机械工业部1996-09-03批准中华人民共和国机械行业标准热锻成形模具钢及其热处理技术条件JB/T8431－961997-07-01实施JB/T8431－9624热锻成形模具钢技术条件4.1化学成分及冶炼方法4.1.1热锻成形模具钢中低合金工具钢、合金工具钢化学成分应符合GB1299—85表3的规定；高速工具钢化学成分应符合GB9943—88表3的规定；锻锤及大截面机锻模具用钢化学成分应符合GB11880—89表1的规定。新型热锻成形模具钢化学成分应符合表1的规定。表1新型热锻成形钢化学成分%化学成分序号钢号CSiMnPSCrWMoVNiNb其他14Cr2NiMoSi0.40~0.470.40~0.700.40~0.60≤0.03≤0.031.50~2.00.80~1.200.30~0.500.80~1.2023Cr2MoWVNi0.26~0.35≤0.45≤0.45≤0.03≤0.032.2~2.60.60~0.801.2~1.60.40~0.651.0~1.432Cr3Mo2NiVSi0.16~0.220.60~0.900.40~0.70≤0.03适量2.5~3.01.8~2.20.3~0.50.8~1.2Ca适量44Cr3Mo2NiVNbB0.36~0.42≤0.5≤0.5≤0.03≤0.032.2~2.81.8~2.30.9~1.40.8~1.20.2~0.3B微量54Cr3Mo2MnSiVNbB0.36~0.420.25~0.500.9~1.3≤0.03≤0.032.2~2.72.0~2.50.9~1.30.04~0.10B0.002~0.00664Cr3Mo2MnVB0.34~0.430.25~0.601.2~1.7≤0.03≤0.032.2~2.81.8~2.30.9~1.4B≤0.00573Cr3Mo3VNb0.16~0.25≤0.60≤0.35≤0.03≤0.032.6~3.22.7~3.20.60~1.200.08~0.1584Cr3Mo3W4VNb0.37~0.47≤0.5≤0.5≤0.03≤0.032.5~3.53.5~4.52.0~3.01.0~1.40.1~0.294Cr5Mo2MnVSi0.36~0.421.0~1.50.7~1.5≤0.03≤0.034.5~5.51.8~2.20.8~1.2106Cr4Mo3Ni2WV0.55~0.64≤0.40≤0.40≤0.03≤0.033.8~4.30.9~1.32.5~3.00.9~1.31.7~2.24.1.2钢材可采用平炉、电炉、转炉、炉外精炼、电渣重溶等冶炼方法生产。推荐采用平炉或电炉或转炉冶炼后再经炉外精炼或电渣重熔的两次冶炼方法生产热锻成形模具钢。4.2热锻成形模具钢型材的外形、尺寸要求按GB702的规定；锻制模块外形、尺寸要求按GB11880的规定。4.3热锻成形模具钢钢材表面不得有肉眼可见的裂缝、折叠、结疤和夹渣。横截面酸浸低倍组织试片上不得有肉眼可见的缩孔、气泡、裂纹、夹杂、分层及白点。4.4热锻成形模具钢锻制模块需进行探伤检查。由供方按GB11880及JB/T6979的规定执行。4.5热锻成形模具钢交货状态均为退火状态。低合金工具钢退火硬度≤241HB；合金工具钢、高速工具钢退火硬度≤269HB。JB/T8431－9634.6热锻成形模具钢钢材单边总脱碳层（铁素体+过渡层）深度≤（0.20+1.5%D）mm，D为钢材截面公称尺寸。脱碳层检验方法按GB224的规定。4.7热锻成形模具钢应检验钢中的非金属夹杂物，采用GB10561—89中的ASTM评级图评级，应符合表2规定。含S钢非金属夹杂物检验由供需双方协商确定。表2非金属夹杂物检验评级级12夹杂物类型B粗或细或D粗或细A粗或细或C粗或细1+2级别≤2.5≤2.5≤4.54.8根据需方要求，可增加对钢材的晶粒度、断口、力学性能等项目的检验，具体要求由供需双方协商确定。4.9热锻成形模具钢的检验由供方执行，并提供合格证书。4.10热锻成形模具钢钢材的包装、标志及质量证明书应符合GB2101的规定；锻制模块的包装、标志及质量证明书应符合GB11880的规定。5热锻成形模具钢热处理技术条件5.1热处理加热设备可选用空气炉、盐浴炉、保护气氛炉、真空炉、流动粒子炉等，具体要求由工艺人员确定。采用空气介质加热时应有防氧化（脱碳）措施。应尽可能采用真空炉、保护气氛炉、流动粒子炉进行热锻成形模具钢的热处理。5.2热处理加热设备加热区的确定应符合GB9452的规定。5.3淬火介质可按钢材材质和工艺要求选用油、有机介质、空气、保护气、热浴、水等，淬火冷却设备应有循环搅拌装置，以保证模具的均匀冷却，减少淬火应力。5.4所有加热设备、淬火介质应有专人负责定期检测、维修、补充或更换，保证设备的精度和使用性能，并保存有关记录。5.5由工艺人员根据热锻成形模具钢的物理化学性能、模具的尺寸、形状、模具的使用性能要求、热处理目的及热处理条件确定热处理工艺参数。几种新型热锻成形模具钢常用基本参数见附录A（标准的附录）。5.5.1钢材的正火和退火工艺应符合JB3814的规定。5.5.2钢材的淬火和回火工艺应符合JB3877的规定。5.5.3热锻成形模具钢淬火加热速度应加以控制，淬火预热按表3的规定执行。表3淬火预热温度℃淬火温度一次预热二次预热＜1000500~600—≥1000500~600820~8805.5.4热锻成形模具钢淬火后应及时充分回火，回火温度、时间及回火次数根据所用钢材和模具使用特性选择。JB/T8431－9645.6热处理后质量检验应由专职人员按JB3814—85第7章、JB3877—85第8章的规定进行。5.7热锻成形模具钢热处理后应有报告单。报告单应包括下列内容：a)模具名称、材料、数量、重量；b)正火、退火、淬火、回火工艺类型；c)热处理质量检验结果；d)操作者，处理年、月、日。6热锻成形模具钢的选材原则6.1根据锻压设备类型和规格、模具尺寸大小、模具结构复杂程度、模具服役条件、模具失效形态和模具加工产品批量大小选择使用热锻成形模具钢。6.2以“满足质量要求—发挥材料潜力—经济合理用钢”的原则选择使用热锻成形模具钢。附录B（提示的附录）列出几种热锻成形模具钢的性能比较结果，附录C（提示的附录）列出不同类型热锻成形模具钢应具备的性能并列出推荐使用钢种。JB/T8431－965附录AA14Cr2NiMoSiA1