音标及发音规则

48个国际音标音素:音的最小单位,英语中有48个音素.音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位.元音:发音响亮,口腔中气流不受阻碍,是音节的主要组成部分.英语中有20个辅音:发音不响亮,口腔中气流受到阻碍,英语中有28个辅音.开音节:1)辅音+元音+辅音+不发音的ekitecakenamebikemaketakehomeplaneshine2)辅音+元音hehigonodobetreethreehello闭音节:1)辅音+元音+辅音sitbedbadbaghothopletmadmaphead2)元音+辅音itisofinonupoutant规律一：英语中共26个英文字母5个元音字母（a,e,i,o,u）——发出20个元音21个辅音字母——发出28个辅音20个元音+28个辅音=48个国际音标（即有48个音素）规律二：①元音字母发元音辅音字母发辅音②元音字母+元音字母=元音字母组合，发元音辅音字母+辅音字母=辅音字母组合，发辅音③元音字母不发辅音辅音字母不发元音（如果辅音字母发了元音，则该元音称之为半元音）例:by英语音标及发音规则1元音:1)[i:]字母组合:ee,ea,e,iethreetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekeatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanpleaseheshemepiecereceiveceiling2)[i]发音字母i,y,esitpictureitislistsixmixfixfitpigbigbuildmissmythmanytwentyhappydictionarydefectdecidedelicious3)[æ]发音字母abaghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblackbackgladflagshallman4)[e]字母组合ea,e,aheadbreadpleasureelephantelectricremembersellshelllessonbetterbeddeskhotelyesmanyany5)[ə:]字母组合ir,ur,ear,er,orgirlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdturnburnmurdernurseturtleThursdayburgerlearnearnearthheardtermhernerdserveworkwormworkworld6)[ə]字母组合er,or,ou,ar,o,a,e,uteacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerpowderdoctoractormayorauthortractordeliciousgraciouspleasurefamiliarcollardollartogethertomorrowtodayshalloplessonWashingtoncontrolpolitearoundaccountagoelephantmantabananaCanadaJapanchinamenlistenfamulusSaturday7)[a:]字母组合ar,acarfarmcardarmgardenfastclasslastglassplantauntcalm8)[ʌ]发音字母u,o,ou,ooupsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbuscomemotherdosebrotherloveabovetroubleroughflourishbloodflood9)[ɔ:]字母组合al,or,au,our,arsmallwalltalktallhallballcallwalkshortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstoreauthorcaughtautumnfourmourncourtboughtwarmquarrelquarter10)[ɔ]发音字母o,ahotlostlotfoxboxmophoplosscollarnotwantwash11)[u:]字母组合oo,o,ufoodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothshoedotwotruetruthbluefull12)[u]字母组合oo,ou,u,olookgoodfootbookshouldcouldputfullbullpullpushwomenwhose13)[ei]发音字母a,ay,ea,ai,eynamecakelategateplaneAprilplaysaymaywaygreatbreakrainpaintplaintheygrey14)[ai]发音字母i,ybikefinefinddieninelightnighthighmytryflyeye15)[au]字母组合ou,owhouseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudaroundmouseflowerdownnowcowhowtown16)[əu]发音字母o,ow,oahomecoldgonophonehostghostknowlowbelowgrowblowshowflowboatcoatgoal17)[ɔi]字母组合oy,oiboytoyjoyoilsoilvoicechoice18)[iə]字母组合eerbeerdeerearideanearherefierce19)[ɛə]字母组合ear,airpearbearchairairfaircaretherewhere2.辅音1)[p]penpearplaypigpourpullpush2)[b]bookbigbootbikebreadbreak3)[t]treetwotentontowntwentycity4)[d]doordulldeskdosedodogdictionary5)[k]kingkitekeylookcookbookkitchensky(发音字母k)cardcatcreamcorrectclimbcomeaccountaccept(发音字母c)foxboxoxygenx-ray(发音字母x)schoolscheduleschema(字母组合ch)6)[g]girlgoodgoalgoatgradelonglanguage7)[m]manmakemoonmorningmovecomecomb8)[n]pentenninefinenightnoonmoonclean9)[ŋ]unclebankEnglishthinkthankjunksingkingmorningevening10)[l]longlandlendlordflyflagblackworldcoldcouldgoalsoul11)[r]readredrightrunroomwrite12)[f]fiveflyfineflagfrogfogroofknifelifewifecoughlaughroughphysicphotophone13)[v]veryeveningeveneveryvoicevest14)[s]sixsitstudentsameseatkissmisscasescarf(发音字母s)licensecityceasecedarceilingcelebrate(发音字母c)licencepiecejuicesciencelancespaceace(字母组合ce)15)[z]zoozebrazerozapclosenosehosesupposepausethosewhose16)[θ]thinkthankthreethirtytoothmouth17)[ð]thatthisthosethesethough18)[ʃ]sheepshouldershipshoeshebrushwashnationattentionstationsocialspecialsure19)[]pleasure20)[h]hothophomehousehorsehowwho21)[w]whenwhatwherewindowwindwood22)[j]yesyearyellyouyouryolkyellow23)[tʃ]childchickenchinachairlunchouchcatchteach24)[dʒ]agelanguagecabbagevegetablestagebridgejoyenjoyjoinJulyJunejunk25)[tr]treecountrytrytreattracktrunk26)[dr]drydreamdropdrivedrink27)[ts]studentsbootsboatsgoatsnuts28)[dz]goodswoodsmoodshoods3.字母，组合音节发音规律1）a[ei][æ][ə][a:][ɔ]lateprivategradebakegrapenationstationpageactivehandbankfanparentfamilygladflagacceptaboutaboveformativemachinecinemafastlastglassclasspastfatherwashwhatwatchwant2）e[i:][e][i][不发音]appreciateextremelysecretshemeheletterleftmessagegeneratepebbledecideprettypreviousresultrestoreproblemprosperousstudentconfidentactivetablelatewifestorelecture3）i[ai][i]highpricelibraryicecreamwifesizelinefistpickchickenpianofiancécityunit4）o[əu][u:][ʌ][ə][ɔ]hostcoldnoteokayoldhomelosedowhowhoseprovelovesomeothermotherhoneycompanytodaytomorrowtogethercontrolcollectlosthotmockofficesofthonest5）u[ju][u][ʌ][ə]universityrefuseuniqueuniversehugeputpushpullfullbullbutbrushbucketduckbubblesupportsuggest6）c[k][s]countrycampcameracouragecablecityceilingcelebratecellcease7）g[g][dʒ][ŋ]girlgradeglassgladebagflagvillagevegetablebridgegentlemangymlongsongsingmorningevening8)l[l]读音不同listenlearnlanguagecollectEnglishgorillaworldcoldsoiltallsellcoolanimal9)n[n][ŋ]moonnightnoodlenumberunclehungryangryyoung10)r[r]rightreadwritegradeprogress11）y[j][i][ai]yellowyearyellyoungyolkuniversitycountryprettyhappydykedyingflybuybymy12）ar[a:][ə][ɔ:]farmcardgardenmarkdollarwarmquarrelquarter13)ea[i:][e][ei][i]ceaseseasonbreathefeaturemeatpleasebreadbreastbreathmeadowweathergreatbreakidearealize14)ear[ə:][iə]learnearthearnheardhearnearclearearfear