高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习

高中英语同位语从句讲解及练习同位语从句讲义及练习一、理解同位语从句的含义，把握同位语从句的实质在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that,whether，what,which,who,when,where,why,how等词引导，常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,promise,answer,evidence,report,explanation,suggestion,conclusion等抽象名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。例：Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。析：theyhadwonthegame说明Thenews的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。二、正确运用同位语从句的引导词，准确把握同位语从句1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）例：Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。析：thesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce是theorder的全部内容，且意义完整，因此应用that引导同位语从句。2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加是否的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）例：We'lldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime.我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。析：thesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime意义不完整，应加是否的含义才能表达theproblem的全部内容，因此应用whether引导同位语从句。3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加什么时候、什么地点、什么方式等含义，应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。例1：Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.析：hewillbeback意义不完整，应加什么时候的含义才能表达idea的全部内容，因此应用when引导同位语从句。例2：Ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome,perhapsbybike.析：hewenthome意义不完整，应加如何的含义才能表达impression的全部内容，因此应用how引导同位语从句。4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.三、把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。区分时可以在先行词与与从句之间加一个系动词be,使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。如：Thereportthathewasgoingtoresignwasfalse.因为thereportwasthathewasgoingtoresign句意通顺，所以，thathewasgoingtoresign是同位语从句。例1：1）Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as析：答案为B。moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities是Information的内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。应将该句区别于：2）Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities，thisistheinformation____hasbeenputforward.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.as析：答案为B。thathasbeenputforward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，所以该句为定语从句。例2：Sheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintohermouth.(MET91)A.itB.whichC.thisD.that析：答案为B。分析语境含义、句子结构和句子成分可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为aterriblenoise，且它在从句中作主语。应将该句区别于：Ican'tstandtheterriblenoise____sheiscryingloudly.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that析：答案为D。sheiscryingloudly是theterriblenoise的内容，且theterriblenoise不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。巩固性练习：1.Thefact____sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which2.Thefact____hewassuccessfulproveshisability.A.hatB.whatC.whichD.why3.Thenews____hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when4.Hissuggestion____themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.whichB.thatC./D.it5.Ihavenoidea____hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./6.I'vecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage____themeetingwon'tbeheldtomorrow.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which7.Thethought____hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that8.Theorder____theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.A.whichB.whetherC.thatD.what9.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatient'sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.asC.ofwhichD.which10.Heoftenaskedmethequestion____theworkwasworthdoing.A.whetherB.whereC.thatD.whenKeys:1-5AABBA6-10BDCAA同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:1.从词类上区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.(同位语从句)Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.(同位语从句)Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.(同位语从句)Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)Hismotherdidallshecouldtohelphimwithhisstudy.他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)2.从性质上区别定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴。如:Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)ImadeapromisethatifanyonesetmefreeIwouldmakehimveryrich.我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)Themothermadeapromisethatpleasedallherchildren.妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)3.从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别有些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替?如:Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略?)