食人鱼洗液论文

摘要I摘要食人鱼洗液（PiranhaSolution)一般是将浓硫酸（95%-98%）与浓过氧化氢溶液（30%）按照体积比3:1（也有其他比例）混合的洗液。由于它自身的强氧化性，该洗液经常用于去除载体上的有机残留物。在去除大多数的有机物质同时，食人鱼洗液往往在载体表面实行羟基化，使得载体表面上极其亲水。H2SO4+H2O2→H3O++HSO4−+O。作为强酸和强氧化剂的食人鱼洗液，危险性较大。在使用食人鱼洗液之前，需要使用更为稳妥的方式对载体进行清洗，如使用浓硫酸等。食人鱼洗液具有爆炸性，在溶液配置的时候也会放出大量的热。当过氧化氢浓度超过50%时，溶液配制过程中便会发生爆炸，因而一般使用30%过氧化氢进行配制。洗液若与有机溶剂接触时亦会发生爆炸。向洗液中放置有有机物残留的载体时切忌一定要缓慢放置。存放食人鱼洗液也不可使用密封容器，以防爆炸。用毕的食人鱼洗液不能随意堆放，应当用大量水稀释后集中存放。食人鱼溶液常用来清洗玻片，也称SPM技术。论文介绍了Piranha的组成，优点，安全性以及净化玻片的实验过程和原理。净化玻片后，就是对它的表面改性，论文介绍了硅烷偶联剂的种类，组成和偶联机理以及它的具体应用，记录了实验的过程，从实验中探究了硅烷偶联剂在偶联过程中适宜的加热温度和加热时间，以及偶联剂的最佳用量。芳香族伯胺和亚硝酸作用（在强酸介质下）生成重氮盐的反应标为重氮化（一般在低温下进行，伯胺和酸的mol比是：1：2.5），芳伯胺常称重氮组分，亚硝酸为重氮化剂，因为亚硝酸不稳定，通常使用亚硝酸钠和盐酸或硫酸使反应时生成的亚硝酸立即与芳伯胺反应，避免亚硝酸的分解，重氮化反应后生成重氮盐。关键词：Piranha溶液羟基化亲水性硅烷偶联剂偶联机理疏水性AbstractIIAbstractpiranhasolution(PiranhaSolution)isgenerallyconcentratedsulfuricacid(95%-98%)andhydrogenperoxidesolution(30%)accordingtothevolumeratioof3:1(thereareotherproportionmixedlotion).Duetoitsstrongoxidizing,theeluentisoftenusedtoremovethecarrieroforganicresidues.Intheremovalofmostoftheorganicmaterialatthesametime,piranhasolutionisoftenonthesurfaceofthecarriertoimplementhydroxylation,makesthecarriersurfaceextremelyhydrophilic.H2SO4+H2O2→H3O++HSO4−+O。Asastrongacidandstrongoxidantpiranhasolution,dangerous.Intheuseofpiranhasolutionbefore,requirestheuseofmoresecurewaytocarrierforcleaning,suchastheuseofconcentratedsulfuricacid.Piranhasolutionwithexplosive,thesolutionwillreleasealotofheat.Whentheconcentrationofhydrogenperoxideinexcessof50%,solutionpreparationprocesswillexplode,thusthegeneraluseof30%hydrogenperoxidepreparation.Fluidwithorganicsolventcontactwillexplode.Thefluidisplacedintheorganicresiduevectorsavoidslowlyplaced.Piranhasolutionshouldnotbestoredinsealedcontainers,incaseofexplosion.Aftertheuseofpiranhalotioncannotbestacked,shouldwithplentyofwateranddilutedcentralizedstorage.Piranhasolutionisoftenusedforcleaningglass,alsoknownasSPMtechnology.ThispaperintroducesthePiranhacomposition,advantages,securityandcleaningglassexperimentalprocessandprinciple。Purificationofslides,isonitssurfacemodification,thispaperintroducesthesilanecouplingagenttype,compositionandcouplingmechanismanditsspecificapplication,recordoftheexperimentprocess,fromtheexperimentsofsilanecouplingagentinthecouplingprocessoftheoptimumheatingtemperatureandheatingtime,andtheoptimumamountofcouplingagent.Primaryaromaticaminesandnitriteeffects(instrongacidmedium)togenerateadiazoniumsaltdiazotizationreactionto(generallyperformedatlowtemperature,primaryamineandacidratioofmol:1:2.5),aromaticamineoftenweighingcomponentofnitrogen,nitriteasdiazotizationagent,becausenitrousacidinstabilityusually,theuseofsodiumnitriteandhydrochloricacidorsulfuricacidthereactionisgeneratedwhenthenitriteimmediatelyandaromaticprimaryamine,avoidthedecompositionofnitrite,diazoreactionofdiazoniumsalts.Keywords:Piranhasolutionhydroxylationhydrophilicsilanecouplingagentcouplingmechanismhydrophobic目录-1-目录摘要..............................................................................................................................ⅠAbstract........................................................................................................................Ⅱ第一章用piranha溶液净化玻片..................................................................................11.1前言：...........................................................................................................11.1.1.有关piranha溶液............................................................................11.1.2Piranha溶液的组成.........................................................................11.1.3PiranhaSolution有两种功能.........................................................11.1.4使用安全........................................................................................1二实验过程：..................................................................................................1第二章硅烷偶联剂对玻片表面进行改性....................................................................42.1前言...............................................................................................................42.2硅烷偶联剂的结构特征及作用机理...........................................................42.2.1硅烷偶联剂的结构特征.....................................................................42.2.2硅烷偶联剂偶联机理.........................................................................42.3硅烷偶联剂应用范围...................................................................................72．3．1用作表面处理剂...........................................................................72．3．2用于无机填料填充塑料...............................................................72.3.3用作密封剂、胶粘剂和涂料的增粘剂.......................................72.3．4用作粘合促进剂...........................................................................82.3.5用作纺织助剂...............................................................................82.3．6用于生化、环保方面...................................................................82.3．7用于“假牙”成型.......................................................................82.4硅烷偶联剂具体应用效果........