非人称转述结构

U19-Conmunicationworkshop-2非人称转述结构非人称转述结构一、概述当转述人们的一般认识或说的话时，常用这样的结构：It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。常用于这一结构的动词有：predict,say,know,believe,think,claim(声称),suppose(认为,猜想),fear(恐怕,担忧)等，这一结构称为非人称转述结构。二、用法(1)“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”可以变为“People＋动词＋that从句”和“Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式”两种形式。例：人们说乔治会把他的基因传给新一代。→ItissaidthatGeorgewillpassonhisgenestoanewgeneration.→PeoplesaythatGeorgewillpassonhisgenestoanewgeneration.→Georgeissaidtopassonhisgenestoanewgeneration.非人称转述结构非人称转述结构(2009·全国卷Ⅱ)Itisoften_______thathumanbeingsarenaturallyequippedto(具备…)speak.A.saidB.tosayC.sayingD.beingsaid解析：选A。考查固定句式。句式Itisoftensaidthat...表示“据说……；人们常说……”。It为形式主语，指代that从句。句意：人们常说，人天生具有语言能力。非人称转述结构用不定式结构应注意以下两点：1)主谓一致污染被认为是一个非常严重的问题。Itisthoughtthatpollutionisaveryseriousproblem.→Pollutionisthoughttobeaveryseriousproblem.据说海豚是非常友好的动物。Itissaidthatdolphinsareveryfriendlyanimals.→Dolphinsaresaidtobeveryfriendlyanimals.非人称转述结构2)不定式的时态(1)如果转述的动作发生于转述的同一时间/还未发生，用不定式的一般式(todo)。据说他是这家公司的经理。Itissaidthatheisthemanagerofthecompany.→Heissaidtobethemanagerofthecompany.他们恐怕会放弃。Itwasfearedthattheywouldgiveup.→Theywerefearedtogiveup.非人称转述结构(2)如果转述的动作此时正在发生，用不定式的进行时(tobedoing)。据报道警察正在调查(lookinto)这起案件。Itisreportedthatthepolicearelookingintothiscase.→Thepolicearereportedtobelookingintothiscase.非人称转述结构(3)如果转述的动作发生在转述之前，则用不定式的完成式(tohavedone)。人们猜想那架飞机被劫持(hijack)了。Itissupposedthattheplanewashijacked.→Theplaneissupposedtohavebeenhijacked.人们知道那个小偷已经被逮捕了。Itisknownthatthethiefhasbeenarrested.→Thethiefisknowntohavebeenarrested.非人称转述结构(2007·辽宁)Thecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightof(看见)LiuXiang,whowasreported________theworldrecord(破世界纪录)inthe110meterhurdlerace.A．breakingB．havingbrokenC．tohavebrokenD．tobreak解析：选C。此题考查了sb.isreportedtodo结构。break这个动作发生在report之前，故用完成时态。非人称转述结构总结：非人称转述结构的不定式用法dosb./sth.besaidtohavedonereported/thought/believed/known...bedoing—同时/未发生—正在发生—在转述之前非人称转述结构注意：若转述的动词是suggest,order,require,demand等单词，从句需用(should)do形式。e.g.人们已经建议必须立即采取措施。(takemeasures)Itissuggestedthatmeasures_____________atonce.(should)betaken非人称转述结构小练1.Themessageisveryimportant,soitissupposed_____assoonaspossible.(08陕西)A.tobesentB.tosendC.beingsentD.sending2.AIDSissaid______thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears.(06湖北)A.thatitisB.tobeC.thatithasbeenD.tohavebeenADpast非人称转述结构小练3.Attheendofthemeeting,itwasannouncedthatanagreement_______.(江苏2007)A.hasbeenreachedB.hadbeenreachedC.hasreachedD.hadreachedreachanagreement:达成协议4.ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplaying-cards_______forentertainmentandeducation.(辽宁2006)A.werebeingdesignedB.havedesignedC.havebeendesignedD.weredesignedBD“设计”这一动作在过去已结束非人称转述结构小练5.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers___tothefront.A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.besentD.mustgo6._______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mailaccount.(上海2005)A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.ItrequiresCC()Whatisrequiredisthat…非人称转述结构小练7.LeonardoDaVinci(1452-1519)_______birdskeptincages(关在笼中的鸟)inordertohavethepleasureofsettingthemfree(释放…).A.issaidtobebuyingB.issaidtohaveboughtC.hadsaidtobuyD.hassaidtohavebought8.----IsBobstillperforming?----I'mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.(05江苏)A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenleftD.tobeleftBA(在转述之前已经离开舞台)非人称转述结构小练9.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying比较:Robertissaid________abroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiesin.10.Policearenowsearchingforawomanwhoisreportedto____sincethefloodhitthearealastFriday.(06山东)A.havebeenmissingB.havegotlostC.bemissingD.getlostAstudiedstudiesCA(出国留学发生在转述之前)转述时仍身处国外“迷路”,瞬间动作,不可持续