2021年下半年11月全国翻译专业考试二级笔译实务真题(含官方参考译文-CATTI考试)

2021年下半年11月全国翻译专业考试二级笔译实务真题(含官方参考译文-CATTI考试)2021年11月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级《笔译实务》试卷备注：该参考译文来源于官方指定的新世界出版社出版发行的《英语笔译实务真题解析2级》，仅供参考。Section1:English-Chinesetranslation(英译汉)(50points)Passage1You’vetemporarilymisplacedyourcellphoneandanxiouslyretraceyourstepstotrytofindit.Orperhapsyouneverletgoofyourphone—it'salwaysinyourhand,yourpocket,oryourbag,readytobeansweredorconsultedatamoment’snotice.Whenyourbatteryliferunsdownattheendoftheday,youfeelthatyoursisrunninglowaswell.Newresearchshowsthatthere’sapsychologicalreasonforsuchextremephonedependence:Accordingtotheattachmenttheory,forsomeofus,ourphoneservesthesamefunctionastheteddybearweclungtoinchildhood.Attachmenttheoryproposesthatourearlylifeexperienceswithparentsresponsibleforourwell-being,areattherootofourconnectionstotheadultswithwhomweformcloserelationships.Importantly,attachmentinearlylifecanextendtoinanimateobjects.Teddybears,forexample,serveas“transitionalobjects.”Theteddybear,unliketheparent,isalwaysthere.Weextendourdependenceonparentstotheseanimals,andusethemtohelpusmovetoanindependentsenseofself.Acellphonehasthepotentialtobea“compensatoryattachment”object.Althoughphonesareoftencastigatedfortheiraddictivepotential,scientistsciteevidencethatsupportstheideathat“healthy,normaladultsalsoreportsignificantemotionalattachmenttospecialobjects”Indeed,cellphoneshavebecomeapervasivefeatureofourlives:Thenumberofcellphonesubscriptionsexceedsthetotalpopulationoftheplanet.TheaverageamountofmobileorsmartphoneuseintheU.S.is3.3hoursperday.Phoneshavedistinctadvantages.Theycanbekeptbyyoursideandtheyprovideasocialconnectiontothepeopleyoucareabout.Evenifyou’renottalkingtoyourfriends,lover,orfamily,youcankeeptheirphotoscloseby,readtheirmessages,andfollowthemonsocialmedia.Youcantracktheminrealtimebutalsolookbackonmemorablemomentstogether.Thesechannelshelpyou“feellessalone”.Passage2Manycountrieshaveadoptedtheprincipleofsustainabledevelopmentitcancombatenvironmentdeteriorationinairquality,waterqualityandproductionindevelopingcountries.Healtheducationservesasaviableroleforeverymemberintheworld.Butsomearguethatit'savagueidea,someorganizationsmayuseitinitsowninterests,whetherenvironmentaloreconomicisthenatureofinterests.Othersarguethatsustainabledevelopmentindevelopingcountriesoverlookthelocalcustoms,habitudeandpeople.Whereasinterdependenceisdesirableduringtimesofpeace,warnecessitatescompetitionandindependence.Tariffsandimportationlimitsstrengthenacountry'seconomicvitalitywhilepotentiallyweakeningtheeconomiesofitsenemies.Moreover,protectionismintheweaponsindustryishighlydesirableduringsuchcircumstancesbecauserelianceonanotherstateforarmamentscanbefatal.Forthemostpart,economistsemphasizethenegativeeffectsofprotectionism.Itreducesinternationaltradeandraisespricesforconsumers.Inaddition,domesticfirmsthatreceiveprotectionhavelessincentivetoinnovate.Althoughfreetradeputsuncompetitivefirmsoutofbusiness,thedisplacedworkersandresourcesareultimatelyallocatedtootherareasoftheeconomy.Imposingquotasisamethodusedtoprotecttrade,sinceforeigncompaniescannotshipmoreproductsregardlessofhowlowtheysettheirprices.Countriesthathopetohelpanewindustrythrivelocallyoftenimposequotasonimportedgoods.Theybelievethatsuchrestrictionsallowentitiesinthenewindustrytodeveloptheirowncompetitiveadvantagesandproducetheproductsefficiently.Protectionism’spurposeisusuallytocreatejobsfordomesticworkers.Companiesthatoperateinindustriesprotectedbyquotashireworkerslocally.Anotherdisadvantageofquotasisthereductioninthequalityofproductsintheabsenceofcompetitionfromforeigncompanies.Withoutcompetition,localfirmsarelesslikelytoinvestininnovationandimprovetheirproductsandservices.Domesticsellersdon’thaveanincentivetoenhanceefficiencyandlowertheirprices,andundersuchconditions,consumerseventuallypaymoreforproductsandservicestheycouldreceivefromforeigncompetitors.Aslocalcompanieslosecompetitiveness,theybecomepressuredtooutsourcejobs.Inthelong-run,increasingprotectionismcommonlyleadstolayoffsandeconomicslowdown.Section2:Chinese-Englishtranslation(汉译英)(50points)Passage1