Emily-Dickenson诗歌赏析及解读

BecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath,Hekindlystoppedforme;ThecarriageheldbutjustourselvesAndImmortality.Weslowlydrove,heknewnohaste,AndIhadputawayMylabor,andmyleisuretoo,Forhiscivility.Wepassedtheschool,wherechildrenstroveAtrecess,inthering;Wepassedthefieldsofgazinggrain,Wepassedthesettingsun.Orrather,hepassedus;Thedewsgrewquiveringandchill,Foronlygossamermygown,Mytippetonlytulle.WepausedbeforeahousethatseemedAswellingoftheground;Theroofwasscarcelyvisible,Thecornicebutamound.Sincethen'tiscenturies,andyeteachFeelsshorterthanthedayIfirstsurmisedthehorses'headsWeretowardeternity.我无暇去会死亡爱米莉·伊丽莎白·狄更生我无暇去会死亡，死神便和善地接我前往，我只好放下劳作与闲暇，无法拒绝他的殷勤礼让。我们一起坐上马车，还有永生陪伴身旁，我们驱车缓缓前行，他悠然自得不慌不忙。我们经过校园，娱乐的孩子挤满操场，我们经过田野，麦穗张望，我们经过西沉的太阳。或许该是夕阳经过我们吧，露珠抖动，略显苍凉，只为我的面纱、斗篷，还有我薄丝织就的衣裳。我们经过一个隆起的土堆，那似乎是一座住房，屋顶几乎无法看见，屋架也在地下埋藏。感觉比一天还要短暂，虽然自此千万年岁月漫长，我初次产生这种猜测：永恒正是马头所向。TypeofWork“BecauseICouldNotStopforDeath”isalyricpoemonthethemeofdeath.Thecontainssixstanzas,eachwithfourlines.Afour-linestanzaiscalledaquatrain.Thepoemwasfirstpublishedin1890inPoems,Series1,acollectionofMissDickinson'spoemsthatwaseditedbytwoofherfriends,MabelLoomisToddandThomasWentworthHigginson.TheeditorstitledthepoemChariot.CommentaryandTheme“BecauseICouldNotStopforDeath”revealsEmilyDickinson’scalmacceptanceofdeath.Itissurprisingthatshepresentstheexperienceasbeingnomorefrighteningthanreceivingagentlemancaller—inthiscase,herfiancé(Deathpersonified).ThejourneytothegravebeginsinStanza1,whenDeathcomescallinginacarriageinwhichImmortalityisalsoapassenger.AsthetripcontinuesinStanza2,thecarriagetrundlesalongataneasy,unhurriedpace,perhapssuggestingthatdeathhasarrivedintheformofadiseaseordebilitythattakesitstimetokill.Then,inStanza3,theauthorappearstoreviewthestagesofherlife:childhood(therecessscene),maturity(theripe,hence,“gazing”grain),andthedescentintodeath(thesettingsun)–asshepassestotheotherside.There,sheexperiencesachillbecausesheisnotwarmlydressed.Infact,hergarmentsaremoreappropriateforawedding,representinganewbeginning,thanforafuneral,representinganend.Herdescriptionofthegraveasher“house”indicateshowcomfortableshefeelsaboutdeath.There,aftercenturiespass,sopleasantishernewlifethattimeseemstostandstill,feeling“shorterthanaDay.”Theoverallthemeofthepoemseemstobethatdeathisnottobefearedsinceitisanaturalpartoftheendlesscycleofnature.Herviewofdeathmayalsoreflectherpersonalityandreligiousbeliefs.Ontheonehand,asaspinster,shewassomewhatreclusiveandintrospective,tendingtodwellonlonelinessanddeath.Ontheotherhand,asaChristianandaBiblereader,shewasoptimisticaboutherultimatefateandappearedtoseedeathasafriend.CharactersSpeaker:Awomanwhospeaksfromthegrave.Shesaysshecalmlyaccepteddeath.Infact,sheseemedtowelcomedeathasasuitorwhomsheplannedtomarry.Death:Suitorwhocalledforthenarratortoescorthertoeternity.Immortality:Apassengerinthecarriage.Children:Boysandgirlsatplayinaschoolyard.Theysymbolizechildhoodasastageoflife.TextandNotesBecauseIcouldnotstopforDeath,Hekindlystoppedforme;ThecarriageheldbutjustourselvesAndImmortality.Weslowlydrove,heknewnohaste,AndIhadputawayMylabor,andmyleisuretoo,Forhiscivility.Wepassedtheschool,wherechildrenstroveAtrecess,inthering;Wepassedthefieldsofgazinggrain,Wepassedthesettingsun.Orrather,hepassedus;Thedewsgrewquiveringandchill,Foronlygossamermygown,1Mytippet2onlytulle.3Wepausedbeforeahouse4thatseemedAswellingoftheground;Theroofwasscarcelyvisible,Thecornice5butamound.Sincethen'tiscenturies,6andyeteachFeelsshorterthanthedayIfirstsurmisedthehorses'headsWeretowardeternity.Notes1...gossamermygown:Thinweddingdressforthespeaker'smarriagetoDeath.2...tippet:Scarfforneckorshoulders.3...tulle:Netting.4...house:Speaker'stomb.5...cornice:Horizontalmoldingalongthetopofawall.6...Since...centuries:Thelengthoftimeshehasbeeninthetomb.MeterIneachstanza,thefirstlinehaseightsyllables(fourfeet);thesecond,sixsyllables(threefeet);thethird,eightsyllables(fourfeet);andthefourth,sixsyllables(threefeet).Themeteralternatesbetweeniambictetrameter(lineswitheightsyllables,orfourfeet)andiambictrimeter(lineswithsixsyllables,orthreefeet).Iniambicmeter,thefeet(pairsofsyllables)containanunstressedsyllablefollowedbyastressedsyllable.(Fordetailedinformationonmeter,clickhere.)Thefollowingexampledemonstratesthemetricscheme........1..................2...............3....................4BeCAUSE..|..ICOULD..|..notSTOP..|..forDEATH,......1..................2.................3HeKIND..|..lySTOPPED..|..forME;........1.................2.................3...................4TheCARR..|..iageHELD..|..butJUST..|..ourSELVES....1..............2............3AndIM..|..morTAL..|..iTY.EndRhyme.......Thesecondandfourthlinesofstanzas1,2,4,5,and6rhyme.However,someofthelinescontainonlycloserhymesoreyerhymes.Inthethirdstanza,thereisnoendrhyme,butring(line2)rhymeswiththepenultimatewordsinlines3and4.InternalRhyme.......Dickinsonalsooccasionallyusesinternalrhyme,asinthefollowinglines:Thecarriageheldbutjustourselves(line3)Weslowlydrove,heknewnohaste(line5)Wepassedthefieldsofgazinggrain(line11)Thedewsgrewquiveringandchill(line14)Symbols.......Inth