EPC模式下投标阶段承包商的风险管理研究

EPC模式下投标阶段承包商的风险管理研究摘要工程项目呈大型化、复杂化趋势，发承包方式的变革，以及跨地区、跨国界的合作给承包商带来新的挑战和风险。EPC模式较好地解决了工程项目中连续的项目管理过程互相分离的矛盾，可以在很大程度上缩短工期、节约投资、提高工程运作效率、降低工程总造价，逐渐成为国际上工程承发包的主流模式之一。但是，承包商在得到相对较高利润的同时，也承担了更多的风险。介于前期资料的不确定性，项目投标阶段承包商面临着大量风险，尤其是典型的投标报价风险。投标报价的高低不仅是项目能否中标的决定因素，而且是项目中标后能否成功的重要因素。因此，分析EPC模式下承包商投标阶段的风险并对其进行正确的管理对保障承包商利益具有重要意义。本文在深入分析EPC模式的基础上，依据风险管理的内容及流程，详细探讨了EPC模式下投标阶段承包商风险识别→风险评价→风险应对的风险管理全过程。具体包括：1）根据不同的风险来源，运用多种识别方法，深入分析了承包商的风险因素及风险事件，并建立详细的风险清单；2）运用合适的风险评价方法和技术，对已识别出的风险清单进行了风险评价；3）针对已识别和分析的风险，根据合理的风险应对流程，建立了与风险关联的投标报价程序，构建了相应的风险应对措施矩阵。最后结合一个案例，对EPC模式下承包商投标阶段的风险进行了较为全面的分析。关键词：EPC承包商风险管理投标阶段ResearchontheRiskManagementoftheContractorunderEPCModeinBiddingPhaseABSTRACTConstructionprojectbecomeslargerandmorecomplicated.Thewayofallocatingandcontractinghaschanged,andthecooperationoftrans-regionalandtrans-nationalhasbroughtnewchallengesandriskstothecontractor.EPCmodehassolvedthecontradictionsoftheprojectsseparatedfromeachotherintheprojectmanagementprocess,andtheconflictcangreatlyshortentheconstructionperiod,saveinvestment,improveprojectoperationefficiencyandreduceprojecttotalcost.EPCmodeisakindofimportantcontractingmodeoflarge-scaleconstruction.Themaincontractorgetsrelativelyhigherprofit.However,italsotakesonmoreriskatthesametime.Basedontheuncertaintyofthematerial,theprojecttenderingphasecontractorfacedmassiverisk,especiallythetypicalbiddingquotedpricerisk.Thediscretionofthebidpricequotationisnotonlywhethertheycanbidtheproject,butisalsothedecisionfactorsthatcanleadtosuccessafterthebids.Therefore,analyticalEPCcontractorbiddingstageunderthemodeofriskandtherighttosecuritycontractorinterestsofmanagementisimportant.BasedonthecharactisticsofEPCmodeandthecontentandprocessofriskmanagement,thisarticlediscussedtheEPCmodetenderstagecontractorsRiskidentification→Riskassessment→Riskresponseofallprocessofriskmanagement.FromtheEPCmodecontractorisconfrontedwithriskidentificationoftenderingphase.Researchedinthecontractorbiddingphaseofthestudyofriskanalysisandriskresponse.Introducedthebidpricequotationriskcorrespondingriskidentification,riskanalysisandriskresponse,classificationofrisk,applyedavarietyofrecognitionmethods,andin-depthanalysisedofthegeneralcontractorriskfactorsandriskevents,andestablishedthedetailedrisklist.Inordertominimizethebiddingphaseduetolossesfromoffererror,improveprojectsprofitability.Finally,thispapercombiningacase,whichistherisksofsystemicanalysisoftheEPCmodecontractorbiddingphase,including1）Accordingtodifferentsourcesofrisk,usingvariousidentificationmethod,in-depthanalysisofthecontractor'sriskfactorsandriskevents,andestablishthedetailedrisklist.2)Usingappropriateriskassessmentmethodandtechnique,evaluatingtheriskoftheidentifiedtherisklist.3）Accordingtotheriskthathavealreadyrecognisedandanalysised,accordingtothereasonableriskresponseprocess,establishedthebidpricesquotationprocedurewhichassociatedwiththerisk,Constructedthecorrespondingriskmeasuresmatrix.Finally,withacaseofEPCmodecontractorbiddingphaseofriskmakingacomprehensiveanalysisofEPCmodecontractorbiddingphaseofrisk.Keywords:EPCContractorRiskManagementTenderingPh目录第一章绪论...............................................................................................................................................11.1问题提出...........................................................................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状.............................................................................................................................11.2.1EPC模式研究现状..............................................................................................................11.2.2风险管理研究现状..............................................................................................................21.2.3EPC模式下承包商风险管理研究现状.........................................................................31.3研究的内容和技术路线...............................................................................................................61.3.1研究内容...............................................................................................................................61.3.2技术路线...............................................................................................................................7第二章相关基础知识..........................................................................................................................82.1EPC总承包模式..............................................................................................................................82.1.1EPC总承包模式的结构.....................................................................................................82.1.2EPC工程总承包的主要内容............................................................................................92.1.3EPC总承包模式的优缺点..............................................................................................102.1.4EPC模式与其它常见总承包模式的比较..................................................................112.1.5EPC项目中业主和承包商的责任范围...................................