国际商务专业词汇(中英文对照)

1.全球化世界贸易组织:(WorldTradeOrganization)国际货币基金组织:(InternationalMonetaryFund)《关税及贸易总协定》:(GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade)世界银行:(WorldBank)国际贸易:(internationaltrade)对外直接投资:(foreigndirectinvestment)对外直接投资存量:(stockofforeigndirectinvestment)外国企业:(multinationalenterprise)国际企业:(internationalbusiness)2.政治经济中的国家差异政治经济:(politicaleconomy)政治体制:(politicalsystem)集体主义:(collectivism)社会主义者:(socialists)共产主义者:(communists)社会民主主义者:(socialdemocrats)私有化:(privatization)个人主义:(individualism)民主:(democracy)极权:(totalitarianism)市场经济:(maeketeconomy)计划经济:(commandeconomy)法律体系:(legalsystem)普通法:(commonlaw)大陆法:(civillawsystem)宗教法:(theocraticlawsystem)合同法:(contractlaw)财产权:(propertyrights)私下行为:(privateaction)公共行为:(publicaction)《反海外腐败法》:(ForeignCorruptPracticesAct)知识产权:(intellectualproperty)专利:(patent)版权:(copyrights)商标:(trademarks)产品安全法:(productsafetylaws)产品责任:(productliability)3.政治经济和经济发展人均国民收入:(grossnationalincome)购买力平价:(purchasingpowerparity)人文发展指数:(HumanDevelopmentIndex)创新:(innovation)创业者:(entrepreneurs)放松管制:(deregulation)第一进入者优势:(first-moveradvantages)后进者优势:(late-moverdisadvantages)政治风险:(politicalrisk)经济风险:(economicrisk)4.文化差异跨文化知识能力:(cross-culturalliteracy)价值观:(values)准则:(norms)社会:(society)社会习惯:(folkways)道德准则:(ethics)社会结构:(socialstructure)群体:(group)社会阶层:(socialstrata)社会流动性:(socialmobility)等级制度:(castesystem)阶级制度:(classsystem)阶级意识:(classconsciousness)宗教:(religion)伦理体系:(ethicalsystems)关系:(relationship)联系:(connection)权利距离:(powerdistance)个人主义:(individualismversus)集体主义:(collectivism)不确定性规避:(uncertaintyavoidance)男性主义和女性主义:(masculinityversusfemininity)儒家动力:(confuciandynamism)种族中心主义:(ethnocentrism)5.国际商务伦理商业伦理:(businessethics)伦理策略:(ethicsstrategy)社会责任:(socislresponsibility)伦理困境:(ethicaldilemmas)组织文化:(organizayioncultural)文化相对论:(culturalrelativism)道德论者:(righteousmoralist)非道德论者:(nativeimmoralist)实用主义伦理:(utilitarianapproaches)权利理论:(rightstheories)公正分配:(justdistribution)无知之幕:(veilofignorance)道德公约:(codeofethics)利益相关者:(stakeholders)6.国际贸易理论自由贸易:(freetrade)新贸易理论:(nwetradetheory)重商主义:(mercantilism)零和博弈:(zero-sumgame)绝对优势:(absoluteadvantage)规模报酬率:(constantreturnstospecialization)要素禀赋:(factorendowments)规模经济:(economiesofscale)国际收支账户:(balance-of-paymentsaccounts)经常账户:(currentaccount)经常账户赤字盈余:(currentaccountdeficitsurplus)资本账户:(capitalaccount)金融账户:(financialaccount)7.国际贸易中的政治经济自由贸易:(freetrade)关税:(tariff)从量税:(specifictariffs)从价税:(advaloremtariffs)补贴:(subsidy)进口配额:(importquota)关税配额:(tariffratequota)自愿出口限制:(voluntaryexportrestraint)配额租金:(quotarent)国产化规定:(localcontentrequirement)行政管理贸易政策:(administrativetradepolicies)倾销:(dumping)反倾销政策:(antidumpingpolicies)抵消性关税:(countervailingduties)幼稚工业论:(infantindustryargument)战略贸易政策:(strategictradepolicy)8.国际直接投资新设投资:(greenfieldinvsetment)流量:(flowofFDI)存量:(stockofFDI)对外直接投资:(outflowsofFDI)外来直接投资:(inflowsofFDI)固定资本形成总额:(grossfixedcapitalformation)折中理论:(eclecticparadigm)出口:(exporting)技术授权:(licensing)内部化理论:(internalizationtheory)不完善理论:(marketimperfectionsapproach)寡头垄断行业:(oligopoly)多点竞争:(multipointcompetition)区位优势:(location-specificadvantages)外部性:(externalities)国际收支账户:(balance-of-paymentsaccounts)经常项目:(currentaccount)离岸生产:(offshoreproduction)9.区域经济一体化区域经济一体化:(regionaleconomicintegration)自由贸易区:(freetradearea)关税同盟:(customsunion)共同市场:(commonmarket)经济联盟:(economicunion)政治联盟:(politicalunion)贸易创造:(tradecreation)贸易转移:(tradediversion)执行董事会:(executiveboard)监管董事会:(governingcouncil)最优货币区:(optionalcurrencyarea)10.外汇市场外汇市场:(foreignexchangemarket)汇率:(exchangerate)外汇风险:(foreignexchangerisk)外汇投机:(currencyspeculation)套息交易:(carrytrade)即期汇率:(spotexchangerate)远期外汇:(forwardexchange)远期汇率:(forwardexchangerate)掉期:(currencyswap)套汇:(arbitrage)载体货币:(vehiclecurrency)一价定律:(lawofoneprice)效率市场:(efficientmarket)应用材料:(appliedmaterials)费雪效应:(Fishereffect)跟风效应:(bandwagoneffect)效率市场:(efficientmarket)无效市场:(inefficientmarket)自由兑换:(freelyconvertible)对外可兑换:(externallyconvertible)不可兑换:(nonconvertible)资本外逃:(capitalflight)对等贸易:(countertrade)交易风险:(transactionexposure)折算风险:(translationexposure)经济风险:(economicexposure)提前策略:(leadstrategy)错后策略:(lagstrategy)11.国际货币体系国际货币体系:(internationalmonetarysystem)浮动汇率:(floatingexchangerate)盯住汇率:(peggedexchangerate)管理浮动:(dirtyfloat)固定汇率:(fixedexchangerate)金本位制度:(goldstandard)黄金平价:(goldparvalue)贸易收支平衡:(balance-of-tradeequilibrium)管理浮动制度:(managed-floatsystem)货币局制度:(currencyboard)货币危机:(currencycrisis)银行危机:(bankingcrisis)外债危机:(foreigndebtcrisis)裙带资本主义:(cronycapitalism)道德风险:(moralhazard)12.全球资本市场共享方差:(sharedvariance)对冲基金:(hedgefunds)游资:(hotmoney)耐心货币:(patientmoney)外国债券:(foreignbonds)13.国际企业的战略战略:(strategy)盈利能力:(profitability)投资资本收益率:(ROIC)利润增长:(profitgrowth)价值创造:(valuecreation)运营:(operations)核心竞争力:(corecompetence)区位经济:(locationeconomies)全球网络:(globalweb)经验曲线:(experiencecurve)学习效应:(learningeffects)规模经济:(economiesofscale)普遍需要:(universalneeds)全球标准化战略:(globalstandardizationstrategy)本土化战略:(localizationstrategy)跨国战略:(transnationalstrategy)国际战略:(internationalstrategy)14.国际企业的组织组织构架:(organizationalarchitecture)组织结构:(organizationalstructure)控制系统:(controlsystems)奖励:(incentives)流程:(processes)组织文化:(organizationalculture)垂直差异化:(verticaldifferentiation)水平差异化:(horizontal