中考英语阅读理解之猜词答题技巧(含相应练习)

第1页共5页中考阅读理解之猜词解题技巧（含相应练习）中英语阅读占的比重很大，在阅读的时候，学生往往会遇到一些生词，影响我们的阅读速度，其实大部分生词的意思都可以通过上下文的关系猜出来，下面就介绍一些猜词的技巧。总结：1定义法2举例法3对比法4因果法5重述法6生活经验7构词法8上下文语境一．中考英语对阅读理解的要求：1)．能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。2)．能获取文章的具体信息。3)．能理解文章中的具体信息并进行简单的推理和判断。4)．能理解归纳文章的主旨要义，能为文章选定合适的题目。5)．能理解故事情节和事件发展顺序以及段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。6)．能根据上下文理解作者的态度、观点及意图。二．常见猜词题的设问方式：1.Theunderlinedwordisclosestinmeaningtotheword…?2.Wecanlearnfromtheunderlinedpart…that…3.Theunderlinedword“it”inparagraph…refersto…4.Bysaying…,theauthormeanstosaythat…5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“......”meaninChinese?三．猜测词义的方法：1.Definition定义法：一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。信号词：be,means,refersto,becalled,定语从句第2页共5页Theword“adolescence”meanstheperiodbetweenchildrenandadulthood.A少儿期B幼儿期C青春期D成人期Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.2.举例法：信号词：suchas,like,forexampleOnthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.Theword“poultry”means_____.A.猎物B.家禽C.饲料D.牲畜Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:CrazyEnglish,Reader,TeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.3.Contrast对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。信号词：as,like,unlike,but，however,while,onthecontrary，otherwiseMostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.1.Twelve－year－oldSallywasanactivegirl，buthersisterwasquitesedate．A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energetic2.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quickly第3页共5页3.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenurytogreatwealth.A.便士B.温饱C.非常贫困D.虚弱4.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.多嘴多舌的B.寡言的C.沉默的D.可爱的ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.MostwomeninGhana---theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold---worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.A.repeatedB.reiterated.CuneducatedD.sick4、因果法从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.A.verylargeBcrowedCnoisyDgoodShedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.A.心不在焉的B.紧张的C.全神贯注的D.睡意浓的Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.A.修剪B.梳理C.清洗D.装饰Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow(浅的）.5.重述法第4页共5页信号词：or,thatis(tosay),inotherwords,toputitanotherway,i.e.Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwatertheirfields.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle－thatis,itwillbreakeasily.AeasilybrokenBsoftinsideCveryhardDexpensiveAllwhalesconsistoftwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.6.生活经验Commonsense普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Afterinventingdynamite,Nobelbecameaveryrichman.ApowerfulexplosiveBlightCengineDelectricity7.WordFormation构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。常用前缀dis-in-mis-un-non-第5页共5页其它前缀re-under-低于mini-over-过度super-常用后缀-able能…的-less不，无-wards向Canyouguesstherightmeanings?supermanmicrowaveoverworkmispronouncehomelessnonsmokerrebuildeastwardsWemustsafeguardtheworldpeace.A.protectBcareorcustodyCpreventDtokeepsafewithaburglar-alarm8.上下文语境Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.InterestHesoundedquitenervousandhehadbeentalkingforaminuteorsobeforeIunderstandanything.EventhenallIcouldmakeoutwasthatsomeonecalledMillyhadhadaverybadaccident.A.seeclearlyB.understandC.expect总结：1定义法2举例法3对比法4因果法5重述法6生活经验7构词法8上下文语境