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当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 小学英语语法——代词知识点讲解+练习
1代词一、代词概述1、代词的定义:代词是代替名词并起到名词作用的词。2、代词的种类:(1)人称代词:用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称、数(单、复数)上与被指代的名词保持一致。(2)物主代词:表示所有关系的代词,分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。(3)反身代词:强调的是某人自己。如myself,yourself,himself,itself等。(4)指示代词:表示“这个、那个、这些、那些”指向性的代词,主要有this,that,these,those。(5)疑问代词:who,whom,whose,which,what等用于引出特殊疑问句的代词。(6)不定代词:不明确代替哪个具体名词的代词。如some,any,all,both,every,much,many等。(7)相互代词:只有eachother和oneanother两个,都表示“相互”的意思,但两者有一定的区别。eachother表示两者之间的相互,oneanother表示三者或三者以上的相互。3.代词的形式变化表人称数主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves二、代词考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一:人称代词考点1:主格用作主语和表语。典型例题1____isSundaytoday._____isafineday.A.Today;ThisB.It;ThatC.It;ItD.It;This2答案:C典型例题2Itwas____whohelpedusalot.A.herB.hersC.sheD.him答案:C典型例题3___likesports.A.IB.MeC.MineD.Us答案:A考点2:宾格用作宾语(用于动词和介词的后面),口语中也可用作表语。典型例题1Pleasegive_____apen.A.IB.meC.mineD.myself答案:B典型例题2Thispresentisfor________.A.sheB.hersC.herD.he答案:C典型例题3---Whoisthere?----It’s_____.A.IB.meC.mineD.my答案:B考点3:人称代词的顺序:单数:你,她(他),我【you,she/heandI】;复数:我们,你们,他们【we,you,they】典型例题1__________areinthesameschool.A.She,youandIB.You,sheandIC.I,youandsheD.You,Iandshe答案:B典型例题2Theseapplesarefor_________.A.MaryandmeB.MaryandIC.meandMaryD.IandMary答案:A3典型例题3_________areallfromBeijing.A.You,weandtheyB.We,youandtheyC.They,youandweD.We,theyandyou答案:B考点4:it的特殊用法:it除了指“事”或“物”以外,还常用于指时间、天气、距离、形式主语和形式宾语等。典型例题1__________isarainydaytoday.A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.These答案:B典型例题2____isabouttenminutes’walkfromhere.A.ItB.ThisC.ThatD.These答案:A典型例题3Ithink______importanttokeephealthy.A.itB.thisC.thatD.these答案:A考点二:物主代词考点1:形容词性物主代词起形容词作用,用来修饰名词,放在名词前,不可单独使用。典型例题1____schoolbagisheavierthanmine.A.YouB.YourC.YoursD.Yourself答案:B典型例题2---IsthisyourEnglishbook?---No,______bookisoverthere.A.mineB.hisC.myD.I答案:C典型例题3Onmywayhome,Isawaboylookingfor____mother.A.heB.hisC.herD.hers答案:B考点2:名词性的物主代词在句中起名词作用,可以单独使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。4典型例题1Yourshoesarewhite._________areblack.A.MineB.MyC.MeD.I答案:A典型例题2Thisbookismineandthatbookis______.A.herB.hersC.sheD.herself答案:B典型例题3Ilikethatblueshirt.Isit______?A.youB.yourC.yoursD.yourself答案:C考点3:常用的含有物主代词的固定词组。onone’sway(to)…在某人去……的路上ofone’sown某人自己的doone’shomework做(某人的)作业toone’ssurprise/joy…令某人感到惊讶/高兴地是……考点三:反身代词考点1:用作动词宾语或介词宾语。典型例题1Itaught_________English.A.meB.myselfC.ID.mine答案:B典型例题2Sheoftensaysto________,“IbelieveIcan!”A.herB.herselfC.hersD.him答案:B典型例题3Youshouldtakecareof_____whenyourparentsareout.A.A.youB.yourselfC.yourD.yours答案:B考点2:用作同位语。5典型例题1Theteacher______willvisitPeter’sparents.A.herB.herselfC.sheD.him答案:B典型例题2Thething_______isnotimportant.A.itselfB.itC.itsD.it’s答案:A典型例题3Youmaygoandasktheteacher__________.A.himselfB.himC.hisD.her答案:A考点3:常用的含有反身代词的固定词组。byoneself独自helponeselfto…随便吃……makeoneselfathome别拘束,像在自己家一样enjoyoneself玩得开心hurtoneself弄伤自己teachoneself自学saytooneself自言自语lookatoneselfinthemirror照镜子考点四:指示代词表示“这个,那个,这些,那些”指向性的代词为指示代词,主要有:this,that,these,those。其中this,these指在时间或空间上离说话人较近的人或物;that,those指在时间或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。this和that指代的是单数名词,these和those指代的是复数名词。考点1:指示代词的一般用法:作主语或作定语(用于名词前)。典型例题1_______areapplesinfrontofyou.A.ThoseB.TheseC.ThisD.That答案:B典型例题2Lookat________desks.Theyareallnew.A.theseB.thisC.thatD.it答案:A典型例题3Pleasepassme____tomatoesinthatroomandIwanttocooksomesoup.6考点四:指示代词A.thoseB.theseC.thisD.that答案:A注意:问句中有指示代词,在回答时,要用人称代词it代替this和that,they代替these和those。对比:错误:What’sthisonthedesk?Thisisaruler.正确:What’sthisonthedesk?It’saruler.考点2:指示代词的特殊用法。特殊用法1:电话用语中,Thisis…表示“我是……”Isthat…?表示“你是……吗?”典型例题1---Hello,mayIspeaktoTom?---Hello,_____isTomspeaking.A.itB.thisC.thatD.these答案:B典型例题2---Hello,is____Tomspeaking?---Yes,thisisTomspeaking.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these答案:B典型例题3---Whoisspeaking?---ThisisTom.A.thisB.thatC.itD.these答案:B特殊用法2:that,those常用来代替前面出现过的名词或名词词组,以免重复。典型例题1TheweatherinwinterinShanghaiismuchwarmerthan_______inBeijing.A.thatB.thisC.itD.those答案:A典型例题2Theapplesinthatboxarebiggerthan_____inthisbox.A.thatB.thoseC.theseD.this7答案:B典型例题3Theflowersinhisgardenaremorebeautifulthan_______inmygarden.A.thoseB.theseC.thatD.its答案:A特殊用法3:this用于代替下文中的一句话或情况;that用于代替上文中的一句话或情况。典型例题1_______iswhyIthinkEnglishisimportanttous.A.ItB.ThatC.ThisD.These答案:B典型例题2Thewonderfulsonggoeslike____.A.thatB.thisC.itD.its答案:B典型例题3Itisveryinteresting._____isthereasonwhyIlikeit.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.Those答案:A考点五:疑问代词考点1:疑问代词主要有which(哪一个),who/whom(谁),whose(谁的),what(什么),它们和一些疑问副词how,when,where,why等用法类似,放在句首,后面跟一般疑问句,构成特殊疑问句。典型例题1---__________istheblackboard?---Itisarectangle.A.WhatB.WhatshapeC.WhatcolorD.Whatsize答案:B典型例题2---__________isthisbluebag?---It’sMike’s.A.WhoB.WhoseC.WhatD.Which答案:B典型例题3---________doyouprefer,teaorcoffee?---Tea,please.A.WhatB.HowC.WhereD.Which答案:D考点六:不定代词不定代词是不明确代替哪个具体名词的代词。常用的不定代词有:one,ones,both,all,either,neither,other,another,none,each,every,8some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little等。还有由some-,any-,no-和every-合成的不定代词。考点1:one和ones的用法:one/ones指人或物,可作主语、表语和宾语。one用来替代前面的单数名词,ones用来替代前面的复数名词,以避免重复。典型例题1______hasone’sownrighttochoose.A.OneB.OnesC.ItD.Its答案:A典型例题2Ilostmyoldcamera;thisisanew________.
本文标题:小学英语语法——代词知识点讲解+练习
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