土壤污染及防治(英语).ppt

EnvironmentalpollutionandpreventionCrew：滕达、朱梦浩、沙科成、路飞EnvironmentalpollutionandpreventionSoilpollutionhazardsandthestatusquo3Theconceptofcharacteristicsofthesoilpollution1Soilpollutionreasons24OfsoilpollutionpreventionandcontrolmeasuresFirst,theconceptofthecharacteristicsofthesoilpollutionWhatissoilpollution？Soilpollutionharmfultoxicsubstancesintothesoilbeyondtheself-purificationcapacityofthesoil,resultinginsoilphysical,chemicalandbiologicalpropertieschange,reducingcropyieldsandquality,thephenomenonofharmtohumanhealth.Fromtheperspectiveofenvironmentalsciencetodefinesoilpollutionisthewasteandtoxicandhazardoussubstancesintothesoiloverthesoilself-purificationcapacity,destructionofthestateofthenaturalbalanceofthesoilsystemcompletelysoilqualitydeteriorationorrecessionphenomenon.2majorpollutants1.Inorganiccontaminants(suchasheavymetals,acids,salts,etc.)2.Organicpesticides(suchasfertilizers,pesticides,herbicides,etc.)3.Organicwaste(suchasbiodegradableordegradableorganicwaste,etc.)4.Sludge,slagandflyash,radioactivesubstances,parasites,pathogens1soilpollutionhashiddenandlag2Accumulationofsoilpollution3soilpollutionirreversible4soilpollutionrefractoryrational3.CharacteristicsoflandcontaminationSecond.Soilpollutionreasons1sewageforirrigation2airpollution3excessiveapplicationoffertilizers4heavyuseofpesticides5solidwaste6ofheavymetals7radioactivematerialcontaminationofsoil1sewageforirrigationSewageandindustrialwastewater,containingnitrogen,phosphorus,potassiumandmanyplantsneednutrients,soreasonableuseofSewageIrrigation,generalstimulationeffect.Sewagecontainingheavymetals,phenols,cyanideandothertoxicandhazardoussubstancesdirectlyusedforfarmlandirrigation,willpollutethesoil.2airpollutionAtmosphericpollutioncanbedividedintotwocategories:gaspollution,suchassulfurdioxide,fluoride,ozone,nitrogenoxides,hydrocarbons,etc.;aerosolpollution,suchasdust,sootandothersolidparticlesandliquidsmoke,fogandotherparticles,theyarebysedimentationorprecipitationintothesoilandcausepollution.3.Excessiveapplicationoffertilizers.Long-termlarge-scaleuseofchemicalfertilizerssuchasnitrogen,phosphorus,willdestroythesoilstructure,resultinginsoilcompaction,degradationofarablesoiltilthshallowplowingdeterioratedsecurityfertilizercapacitydeclineanddeteriorationofthebiologicalproperties,andincreasethecostofagriculturalproduction,theimpactthecropyieldandquality4heavyuseofpesticidesCropsfromthesoiltoabsorbpesticidesaccumulatedinplantroots,stems,leaves,fruitsandseeds,andendangerhumanandlivestockhealththroughfood,feed5solidwasteIndustrialwasteandmunicipalwastesoilsolidcontaminants.Forexample,awiderangeofallkindsoftrashgeneratedmanagement,recyclingpoor,thelargeamountofwastewasleftonthelandcausedbylandpollution.6HeavymetalelementsHeavymetalpollutantsintothesoiltothepresenceofsolubleandinsolubleparticles,suchasfluorine,mercury,cadmium,Zn,Pb,Nisuchasarsenic,chromiuminthesoilthatcanbeabsorbedbyplantsandenriched.7RadioactivesubstancescontaminatedsoilSoilradiationcontaminationsourceofuraniumandthoriummining,uraniumenrichment,nuclearwastedisposal,nuclearweaponsexplosions,nuclearexperiments,coal-firedpowerplants,phosphateoreminingprocessing.Easilyadsorbedbythesoil,theresidencetimeislonger.Third.HazardsandthestatusquoofthelandHazard:1.Soilpollutionworsensalreadystrainedmoreshortageofarablelandresources2.Soilpollutiontremendousthreattopeople'shealth3.Soilpollutiontoadverseimpactonagriculturaldevelopmenthasbroughtgreat4.Soilpollutionisalsoanimportantreasontocauseenvironmentalpollution5.Pollutantsinsoilpollutionmigrationandretention,andmaycontinuetocauselandcontamination6.Soilpollutionseriouslyjeopardizetheinterestsoffuturegenerations,isnotconducivetothesustainabledevelopmentoftheruraleconomyCurrently,theuproarcancervillages.Chinacancervillagespacedistributionisveryuneven,inadditiontothefourprovincesofTibet,Qinghai,Gansu,Ningxiahasnotbeenfoundoutsidethevillageofcancer,aredistributedin27provincesacrossthecountry,thenumberofsignificantdifferencesbetweentheseprovincescancervillage.NumberofcancerVillageinHenanProvince,morethan39isthegreatest.Causes,removalofpartoftheformationoftheunexplainedcancervillages,theformationofthecancervillagesremaining90%areassociatedwithmodernindustrialpollution.Suchfactoriesandminesmainlyincludechemicalplants,printinganddyeing,papermills,pharmaceuticalplants,tanneries,alcoholplants,powerplants,limekilns,wherethechemicalplantcausedenvironmentalpollutionleadtothethecancervillagesphenomenonmostcommon.Status:Atpresent,theoverallsituationofsoilpollutioninChinaisgrim,serioussoilpollutioninsomeareas,thesoilheavilypollutedareainheavypollutingenterprisesorindustry-intensiveareas,theminingminingareasandthesurroundingregion,urbanandperi-urbanareasandhigh-riskareas.Varioustypesofsoilpollution,showingthecoexistenceofoldandnewpollutants,inorganic-organiccompositepollutionsituation.Soilpollutionpathway,thereasonsarecomplicated,difficulttocontrol.Soilenvironmentalsupervisionandmanagementsystemisnotperfect,inadequateinvestmentinsoilpollutionprevention,socialpreven