简化英语学习

简化英语学习Actuallyspeakingaforeignlanguagefluentlytakesalotofhardworkandpractice.Evenifyoustudyeveryday,itcantakeyearstomastersomelanguages.Meanwhile,youstarttogetfrustratedatyourlackofprogressandyouwanttogiveup。事实上讲一门流利的外语需要很多的辛勤努力和实践。即使你每天学习，掌握某一门语言也要花数年的时间。与此同时，你开始因进步迟缓而变得沮丧，你想放弃了。Don’t。千万不要！Thereareallkindsofrewardsassociatedwithspeakingasecondlanguage.Notjustintangiblerewards,likebeingabletochatwithlocalswhenyoutravel,butpsychologicalandhealthrewardsaswell.Studiesshowthatbeingabletospeakasecondlanguagemayhelpyoumultitaskandpreventdementia。讲第二门语言，有各种各样的回报。不仅仅是无形的回报，比如旅行时你能够与当地人交流，而且还有心理和健康方面的回报。研究表明，能说第二门语言可以帮助你培养一心多用以及预防老年痴呆。Soifyouwanttoreapallofthebenefitsofspeakingasecondlanguage,howcanyoucontinueworkingonyourlanguageskillswithoutgettingburntout?Hereare6tipstosimplifyyourlanguagelearning。所以如果想收获说第二外语的种种好处，在你抓狂以前，在语言技能训练上你要怎样继续努力？这里有6个技巧可以简化你的语言学习。1.HaveaWordoftheDay。每日一词Tryingtolearneverythingatonceandgettingoverwhelmedbythesheernumberofwordsinyournewlanguagecanbeoverwhelming.Sometimes,evenifyoudolearnnewwords,youforgetthemquicklybecauseyouhaven’theardthemenoughincontext。马上着手学习和面对学习新语言的大量词汇要承受的巨大压力，这真的让人感到不知所措。有时候，即使你确实学到了新单词，你很快就会忘记它们，因为你在语境中听得还不够多。Onewaytogetaroundthisproblemistokeepafewnewwordsinyourvocabularybyusingthemonadailybasis.Sinceittakesanadultanaverageof150timestolearntouseanewwordproperly,havingaWordoftheDayorseveralwordscanhelpbuildyourvocabulary。一种解决这类问题的方法是通过每天使用新词汇来记忆它们。成年人平均要150次才学会合理地使用一个新词，一天学一个或几个新词可以帮助你积累词汇量。Youcandothisoneoftwoways.One,youcankeeparunninglistofwordsyou’dliketolearnanddesignateonetobethewordoftheday.Or,two,youcanwaitfornewwordstocomeuporganicallyinconversation,andthentrytousethenewwordseveraltimes。有两种方法可以做到。一是把你想学的单词做成单词列表，并指定一个单词为“今日一词”。另一种是你可以等候出现在谈话里的新单词，然后试着用上几次新单词。2.Speakthelanguageasmuchasyoucan(especiallywithnativespeakers)。尽可能多地讲这种语言(特别是与母语人士)Itgoeswithoutsayingthatthebestwaytolearnhowtospeakalanguageistoactuallyspeakit.Readingandstudyinggrammarbookswillonlygetyousofar。不用说，学习如何说一门语言的最好方式是说这门语言。阅读和学习语法只会让你远离语言的实质。Andyet,it’ssoeasytogettrappedinthe“not-good-enough”mindset,whereyoudon’tspeakbecauseyouthinkyoudon’tspeakwellenough.Andthenyourspeakingdoesn’tgetbetter。除此之外，你还很容易陷进“不够好”的心理模式，有了这种心理之后你就不会开口说，因为你认为自己讲得不够好。于是你的口语就得不到提升。Somakeanefforttocommunicatewithnativespeakersofyourlanguage.You’lllearnalotmoreina5minuteconversationwithanativeSpanishspeakerthanyouwillfromanotherEnglishspeakerwho’shad2yearsofcollegeSpanish.Trytospend80%ofyourtimespeakingwiththosewhospeakthelanguagebetterthanyou。所以努力与你所学英语的母语人士交流。与本土西班牙人聊5分钟对话，比起和那些来自英语国家在大学里学了两年的西班牙语的人交流，你学到的会更多。试着把80%的时间花在和比你讲得好的人交谈。3.ListentoforeignlanguageradioorTV,evenasbackgroundnoise。听外语之声或看外语电视，即使是作为背景音也好。Partoflearningtospeakaforeignlanguageproperlyislearningtheintonationsandrhythmsofthewords.InFrench,forexample,youcan’tputtheemphasisondifferentwordsinasentencetovarywhatyoumean(likeyoucandoinEnglish).Andit’seasytodistinguishbeginnerstudentsfromnear-nativespeakersbylisteningfortheoneswhopronounceFrenchlikeit’sEnglish。正确地学习讲外语，其中一部分是学习语调和单词的节拍。例如在法语里，你不能和学习英语一样，把重点放在句子里的不同单词上来改变你的意思。而且初级学习者和本土母语人士很容易区分开来，因为有些人的法语是英语形式的。Theremedytothatistolistentothelanguageasmuchaspossible。补救的办法是尽可能地多听。Trytohearthepacingofthewords,howthey’repronouncedindifferentcontexts,andwhatthedifferentintonationsare.Howdoesthelanguagesoundwhenthespeakerisexcited,orangry,oraskinganaccusatoryquestion?Evenlisteningtothelanguageinthebackgroundwillhelpyoutopickupinformationonhowthelanguageisspoken。试着听话语的速度，它们在不同的语境中是如何发音的，又有哪些不同的语调。当说话人兴奋、或愤怒、或是指责时，语言又会是怎么样的呢？即使是听当作背景音的语言，也会帮助你感知到语言的特点。4.Lookupwordsyoudon’tknowinamonolingualdictionary。在单语词典里查找你不认识的词Figuringoutthemeaningofwordscanbetrickyinaforeignlanguage,sincedirectandaccuratetranslationsdon’talwaysexist.Whilegettingthewordforphysicalobjects,likemilkordesk,mightbestraightforward,translatingconceptscanbealotharder。对于一门外语，找出单词意义可能是件棘手的事，因为直接和准确的翻译并不总是存在。用直观物体对应这个词，如牛奶或书桌，可能简单明了，但翻译概念是难上加难。Bylookingwordsupinamonolingualdictionary,youcanmakesurethatthewordorphraseyouchooseactuallymeanswhatyouthinkitdoes。通过在单语词典里查找单词，你能保证你选择的单词或短语实际上表达了你想的意思。5.Whenyoumakeamistake,immediatelytrytocorrectyourself。当你犯了错误时，试着立即纠正自己。Lifehackrecentlypublishedanarticlestatingthatifyoumistypeaword,youshoulddeletethewholewordbeforeretypingitcorrectlytoreprogramyourbraintodoitproperlythenexttime.Thesamegoesforlearningalanguage。Lifehack上最近发表了一篇文章，文章指出如果你打错了一个字，在重打之前你应该删除整个词，这样下次你才正确。对于学习一门语言是同样道理。Ifyoumisspeak,andcatchyourmistake,immediatelycorrectyourselfbyrepeatingthesentencecorrectly.Itwillhelpyouprogramyourbraintoavoidmakingthesamemistakeagain,andsolidifythegrammarrulesinyourmind。如果你说错了，逮住你的错误，立即纠正自己的错误，把这个句子正确地再说一遍。它将帮助你的大脑避免再犯同样的错误，并将语法规则扎根在你的脑海里。6.Carryaroundanotebookandwritedownnewwordsyoulearn。随身携带一个笔记本，写下你学习到的新单词Ifyou’reinthebeginningstagesoflearningalanguage,thisprocessmightbetoooverwhelming,sinceyou’relearningnewwordsallthetime.Butonceyougettoanintermediateoradvancedlevel,yourlearningprocessslowsdown.Inthebeginning,youprogressedeasilybecauseyouwerelearningsimpleverbtensesandlistsofsuperusefulvocabularythatyouuseev