找点活week13-14

【1】Intheoldsociety,Pingjuplayersseldommadeenoughtoliveon,andsomostweresaddledwithbigfamiliestheirlifewashard.Apartfromactingtheyhadtofindotherwork.Oftentheypulledhandcarts,soldjunkorcigarettes,hiredthemselvesoutascoolies,orcollectedcigarettestubs.原句中的“我们”就是指“评剧演员”，而且是泛指，故无须译出；“player”有复数后就表示泛指。后面译文中“life”前面相应用“their”，而不用“our”。“演员们唱完戏”在译成英语时不要用时间状语，它并不是指演员们唱完戏后再去找活干，而是指除了唱戏之外还要找活干以贴补家用。如果把“……是普遍现象”译作“...wasacommonphenomenon”太正式一点。译文中用“often”恰到好处。【2】Ifaperformancewascancelledbecauseofbadweather,theruleinthosedayswas:Noshow,nopay.Onthetwenty-thirdofthetwelfthlunarmonth,whentheatresclosedandthepatronsaintofactorswasinvitedtothefrontstage,leavingthebackstagedeserted,actorswereevenworseoff,unabletoearnanymoreuntilthereopeningonNewYear'sDay.“回戏”就取消演出，“不响锣”指不演出。“腊月二十三”就是农历二十三。“thepatronsaint”是守护神的意思。“leavingthebackstagedeserted”是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随状态。“unabletoearnanymoreuntilthereopeningonNewYear'sDay”是形容词短语作主语补足语。“unabletoearnanymoreuntilthereopeningonNewYear'sDay”采用了反译法。注意全句的译法：把“腊月二十三”作为一个时间状语，然后把在这一天做的事情以一个“when”引导的从句给出，主句是“actorswereevenworseoff”。从这个句子的英汉对照可以进一步看出，汉语的叙事多靠并列结构（并列分句和并列谓语），各成分之间的顺序主要靠时间顺序和逻辑顺序来展开；而英语可以通过动词的变化来表达动作发生的先后顺序，而且大量使用分词和从句，灵活性很大。【3】Myfamilywashardup,withFatherapeddler,Motherahousewife,andsomanychildrentofeed.Atthirteen,astheeldestchild,Iactedtohelpsupportthefamily.Eachsinglecopperhadtobeekedout,andIkeptrackingmybrainsforwaystoimproveourdifficultconditions.EachmorningwhenIwentouttopracticesingingintheopenair,Itookalittlebaskettoscroungeforcindersforourstove.Evenwhenscroungingforcindersyouhadtohaveyourwitsaboutyouandshiftfromplacetoplacetoavoidthosemischievousboyswhobandedtogethertocollectcinderstoo.Beingallonmyownandafraidofbeingbulliedbythem,Ishiftedaroundtododgethem.Becausewhentheyfoundmescavengingtheymadetrouble,pullingmyplaitorthrowinginsectsatme,sothatthesightofthemfrightenedmeaway.碰到长句时采用分译法是常用的手段。本译文把后一分句译成一个单句很自然。前一分句只把“我家里生活苦”处理成一个单句，后面的三个并列成分以一个介词短语译出，处理得很成功。介词“with”用以表示方式、情况、环境或条件（indicatingthemanner,circumstancesorconditioninwhichsthisdoneortakesplace）。虽然汉语里是“为了回家取暖”，而英语应译成“forourstove”。当英汉不能一一对应时，应灵活处理，根据译入语的表达习惯而定。“scrounge”意为：get(sth)byborrowingortakingitwithoutpermission借得或擅取（某物）。例：1)She'salwaysscrounging(money)offherbrother.她总找哥哥借钱。2)Imanagedtoscroungethematerialstobuildashed.我设法弄点材料搭个棚子。“cinder”意为：smallpieceofpartlyburntcoal,wood,etcthatisnolongerburningbutmaystillbehot煤渣，炭渣，炉渣等（不再燃烧但仍可能有余热）。原文的后半句与下一句原文合并在一起翻译了，这样译文比较紧凑。主要的含义体现在“mischievous”一词中，至于如何欺负，下面有具体的描述，这里简译不会造成任何理解上的问题。“have/keepone'switsaboutone”意为：be/remainalertandreadytoact时刻警惕；随机应变。例：Youneedtokeepyourwitsaboutyouwhenyou'redealingwithamanlikethat.同那种人打交道得随机应变。原文中的“女孩”应是泛指，但译文将其处理成“me”，是特指，主要是想与下半句吻合。男孩子看见女孩子就要欺负这层意思在上一句已有所体现，所有这里改译成特指的“我”应该是可以接受的。“scavenge”意为：searchthroughwasteforitemsthatonecanuse（指人）在垃圾堆里寻找有用之物。例：Youcanoftenscavengenicebitsofoldfurniturefromskips.从废物堆里往往能捡到一些挺好的旧家具。【4】Onthetwenty-thirdofthetwelfthlunarmonththeKitchenGodwentuptoheaven,andthetheatreshutdownuntilNewyear’sDay.Whenthathappened,actors'paystoppedandtheywerehardputtoit.Eachhadtofendforhimself,andweyoungactressesdidwhateverworkwecouldpickup.IwentwithsomeothergirlstotheEastAsiaWoollenMilltodooddjobslikeunravelingstrandsofwoolorsweepingthefloor.Wehadtoqueueupbeforedawnwhentherewerestillstarsinthesky.Alongqueueformedbeforethemill’sgateopened.Theforemancameoutwithawhip,asifherdingcattle,andchalkedanumberonourbacks,onebyone.Thatnumbershowedthatweweretakenon.Butsuchsmalljobswerereallyhardtocomeby.Often,whenwe’dqueuedupforhoursbeforethegateopened,afterchalkingafewnumberstheforemanwouldsay,“That’sall!Nomorehandsneeded!”Atthatwefelttoodisappointedforwords!Onesummeraspellofbadweathercloseddownourtheatre,andIwenttoqueueup.Iwaslucky.BecauseIwentearly,beforelongIhadanumberchalkedonmyback.Bythetimeweknockedoffitwaspouringwithrain.AsIranhomeIdidn’tmindbeingsoaked.IwasonlyworriedthatiftherainwashedoffthenumberonmybackIwouldn’tbeabletogotoworkthenextday.Ifranticallytookoffmygown,whileitrainedcatsanddogs.ClutchingmygowntomyheartIflewhome,andthere,unfoldingit,Iwasoverjoyedtofindthatthenumberwasn’twashedout,thoughIwasdrenchedfromheadtofootlikeadrownedrat.“封箱回戏”是上一句的重复，英文应尽量避免重复，故用“Whenthathappened”来表述。“等于演员们封嘴”也是行话，意思就是演员的工资停发了，英文只能用意译的方式处理。“puttoit”的意思是“使处于困境”。“theywerehardputtoit”是被动语态。“fendforoneself”意为：takecareoforlookafteroneself;supportoneself照顾自己；自谋生计；独立生活。例：Itistimeyoulefthomeandlearnttofendforyourself.你应该离家自立了。“当小工”和“干点杂活”在意义上是重复的。译文已作了取舍。另外，汉语是“分线头、扫地等干点杂活”，而英文是“todooddjobslikeunravelingstrandsofwoolorsweepingthefloor”，注意语序的差别。“takesbon”意为：employsb;engagesb雇用某人；聘用某人。例：Shewastakenonasagraduatetrainee.她应聘为新毕业的实习生。*祖师爷：ItwassaidtobethatTangemperorMinghuang,whofoundedthePearGardenCompanyofactors.Analtarforhimwaskeptbackstage,butmovedtothefrontstagewhenthetheatreclosed.