飞机铝合金结构的修理方法和应用

2012～2013学年第二学期飞机结构维修（作业）（专业选修课，考查课程）专业：飞行器制造工程班级学号：姓名：授课教师：海军学院本科期末论文1飞机铝合金结构的修理方法和应用【摘要】据统计铝和铝合金要占一架飞机总重量的70%而飞机的结构件大部分是由铝合金材料构成。飞机的机体结构通常是由蒙皮和骨架等组成。蒙皮用来构成机翼尾、翼和机身的外形，承受局部空气动力载荷，以及参与抵抗机翼尾翼、机身、的歪曲变形和扭转变形。骨架包括总想构件和横向构件。纵向构件主要由梁和桁条组成，其作用主要是承受机翼、尾翼、机身弯曲时所产生的拉力和压力；横向构件包括翼肋隔、框等，主要用来保持机翼、尾翼和机身的截面形状，并承受局部的空气动力。有些加强框肋还要承受集中载荷。尾翼机翼机身动力装置起落装置。目前，飞机结构的材料仍然以铝合金为主，而铝合金结构的连接方式，仍以铆接为主。因此，飞机结构修理的主要手段仍然是铆接。关键词：铝合金结构飞机结构修理铆接[Abstract]Accordingtostatisticsofaluminumandaluminumalloytoaccountfor70%ofthetotalweightoftheaircraftandtheaircraftstructurepartsaremostlycomposedofaluminumalloymaterial.Thestructureoftheaircraftisusuallycomposedofskinandskeleton.Skintoformwingtail,wingandfuselageshape,underlocalaerodynamicloads,aswellasintheresistanceofwingtail,fuselage,twistdeformationandtorsiondeformation.Theframeworkcomprisestocomponentandthetransversecomponent.Thelongitudinalcomponentismainlycomposedofbeamsandstringers,itsmainfunctionistobearthewing,tail,fuselagebendingwhenthetensionandpressure;thetransversememberincludesarib,frame,sectionshapeismainlyusedtokeepthewings,tailandfuselage,andsubjecttothelocalaerodynamicforce.Somereinforcedframeribisalsounderconcentratedload.Thetailwingfuselagepowerdeviceoflandinggear.Atpresent,theaircraftstructurematerialsremainwithaluminumalloyandaluminumalloystructure,connectionmode,stillriveted.Therefore,themainmeansofaircraftstructurerepairisstillriveted.Keywords:aluminumalloystructurestructuralrepairriveting海军学院本科期末论文2目录一、飞机铝合金的结构及特点....................................................................................4（一）蒙皮的结构及特点..................................................................................4（二）梁和长桁的结构及特点..........................................................................61.长桁..........................................................................................................62.梁..............................................................................................................6（三）隔框和翼肋的结构及特点......................................................................71.隔框..........................................................................................................72.翼肋..........................................................................................................7二、飞机铝合金结构的理论修理方法........................................................................8（一）蒙皮的修理方法......................................................................................81.蒙皮轻微损伤的修理..............................................................................8（1）蒙皮鼓动的修理.......................................................................8（2）蒙皮压坑的修理.......................................................................9（3）蒙皮划伤的修理.....................................................................102.蒙皮裂纹的修理....................................................................................10（1）钻止裂孔.................................................................................10（2）铆接加强.................................................................................113.蒙皮破孔的修理..................................................................................11（1）蒙皮小破孔的无强度修理.....................................................11（2）破孔的一般修理方法.............................................................12（3）修理蒙皮破孔时的强度计算.................................................12（4）跨构架蒙皮破孔的修理.........................................................12（5）不易施工处蒙皮破孔的修理.................................................12（6）双层蒙皮破孔的修理.............................................................15（7）前缘蒙皮破孔的修理...............................................................164.蒙皮大范围损伤的修理........................................................................17（1）更换蒙皮的方法.....................................................................17（2）蒙皮更换时的强度校核.........................................................17（3）蒙皮更换后的质量检验.........................................................17（二）梁和长桁的修理....................................................................................171.梁缘条和长桁的修理............................................................................17（1）缺口的修理.............................................................................17（2）裂纹的修理.............................................................................18（3）断裂的修理.............................................................................182.梁腹板的修理........................................................................................19（1）腹板裂纹的修理.....................................................................19（2）腹板破孔的修理.....................................................................19（3）腹板切割修理.........................................................................20（三）隔框和翼肋的修理................................................................................201.肋、框小范围损伤时的修理................................................................20海军学院本科期末论文3（1）变形的修理....................................................