大学毕业论文《农村养老保险制度的探讨》

编号：本科毕业论文(设计)题目：（中文）农村养老保险制度的探讨——以浙江省瑞安市安阳镇为例(英文）Pensioninsurancesysteminruralareasof——ToAnyangtownRuianCity,ZhejiangProvinceasanexample学院法学院专业行政管理班级学号姓名指导教师职称完成日期目录摘要关键词AbstractKeywords引言················································································1一、选题的背景及意义······························································1（一）选题的背景·······························································1（二）选题的意义·······························································2二、我国农村社会养老保险制度的发展历程及制度的现状···························2（一）我国农村社会养老保险制度的发展程······································3（二）我国农村社会养老保险制度的现状········································3（三）瑞安安阳镇农村养老保险制度的状况······································4三、农村养老保险制度存在的问题···················································6（一）缺乏社会保障应有的社会性和福利性········································6（二）保障水平过低·······························································6（三）农村社会养老保险存在制度上的不稳定性···································6（四）监管机制不健全····························································6（五）扶持机制未建立····························································7四、完善农村养老保险制度的构想················································7（一）明确农村社会养老保险的法律地位··········································7（二）建立农村养老保险社会统筹制度···········································7（三）建立健全养老保险监督体系················································8（四）改革农村养老保险基金营运制度···········································8（五）发挥国家的主导作用·······················································8结束语··············································································9参考文献···········································································10致谢···············································································12附录一：文献综述···································································附录二：外文文献···································································原文1·········································································译文1······································································原文2······································································译文2······································································农村养老保险制度的探讨——以浙江省瑞安市安阳镇为例专业：行政管理学号：044020604姓名：摘要：我国农村养老保险制度实施以来，经过多年的试点，迄今为止依然需要在实施过程中不断完善、不断探索和不断研究，以便使这项制度得到更好的实施使广大农村老年人口老有所养，老有所乐。因为农村养老保险具体实施受地方的经济、地理位置和地方文化的影响，所以在每个地区都有不同的条文措施。本文以浙江省瑞安市安阳镇的农村养老保险制度现行状况为例进行分析、探索。肯定其科学合理的一面外，也提出现行制度存在的各种问题，并且对此进行了认真思考，推出了个人的构想，乃至具体措施，以利于使制度实施得到保障。关键词：农村养老保险、制度构建、探讨、思考Abstract:China'sruralareassincetheimplementationofold-ageinsurancesystem,afteryearsofexperiments,sofarstillintheimplementationprocessneedtoconstantlyimprove,andcontinuouslyexploreandongoingresearchinordertomakethesystembettersothattheimplementationoftheruralelderlypopulationsothatasenseofsecurity,afeelingofhappiness.Becausethespecificimplementationoftheruralold-ageinsurancebythelocaleconomic,geographicallocationandlocalculture,sodifferentineachregionoftheprovisionsofthemeasures.Inthispaper,ZhejiangProvince,TownRuianCityruralendowmentinsurancesystemfortheanalysisofthecurrentsituationasanexampletoexplore.Certainaspectsofitsscientificandrational,butalsototheexistenceofthecurrentsystemproblems,andhadaseriousthoughttothis,theintroductionoftheconceptoftheindividual,aswellasspecificmeasurestofacilitatetheimplementationofthesystemtobeguaranteed.Keywords:Ruralold-ageinsurance、System、Discussion、Think农村社会养老保险制度是我国第一个针对农民的社会保险制度，它早在上世纪九十年代就已通过部分地方的试点逐步推广建立起来了。在建立和发展社会主义市场经济的过程中，我国原有的以计划经济为依托的农村社会保障制度逐渐成为制约经济制度转型和自身发展的重要因素，重建我国农村社会保障制度尤其是农村养老保险制度已经成为人们的共识。只有建立和完善农村社会养老保险制度，才能彻底解决农村老年人的养老问题，本文对农村养老保险制度作了一些探讨。一.选题的背景及意义（一）选题的背景我国是传统的农业大国，农业是我国的第一产业，农业经营的好坏关系到我国社会主义现代化建设的兴衰成败。然而，自建国以来，我国一直是以牺牲农业来支持工业，以期尽快实现工业化、现代化，这种政策虽然有其一定的历史背景，但是它直接导致我国的农业得不到快速发展，农民的生活得不到较大改善，城乡差距逐步拉大。就我国国情来说，由于历史、政策等多方面的原因，城乡差异悬殊，农民作为一个整体基本上是在社会中处于弱势的地位，而我国又是一个农业大国，农业人口占总人口中的绝大比重。所以，关注农村社会保障，特别是农村社会养老保险，就更具有重大的现实意义，并对我国的社会稳定和可持续发展具有深远的影响。①正是基于此现状，党的十六大高度重视三农问题，把三农问题提到了战略高度。十六届三中全会提出了构建社会主义和谐社会，这为农业农村的发展和农民生活的改善带来了新的契机。党的十六大指出:“建立健全同经济发展水平相适应的社会保障体系，是社会稳定和国家长治久安的重要保证。”“各地要根据实际情况合理确定社会保障的标准和水平，发展城乡社会救济和社会福利事业。有条件的地方，探索建立农村养老、医疗保险和最低生活保障制度。”十六大报告既指出了建立农村社会保障制度的重要性，同时也提出了一个具有重大创新性的指导思想，即在有条件的地方，探索建立农村养老、医疗保险和最低生活保障制度。中国有9亿农民，没有农村的稳定，和谐社会是不可能建成的。另外，以人为本理念的提出更丰富了我们对公平的追求与渴望，城市人和农村人都是人，我们必须要一体看待。城市有养老保险，而农村没有，所以解决农民的养老问题就变得十分迫切。农村的社会养老保险制度关系农民的切身利益，关乎农村社会的稳定和长治久安，因此本文的论题有着很强现实意义。对农民养老问题的严峻性，对农村社会养老保险制度的优越性，人们似乎并没有太大的异议。但是，像中国这样二元经济结构的发展中国家在转型时期农村应建立什么样的社会养老保险制度，在世界上没有现成的经验可以借鉴，也没有现成的模式可以套用。我国学术界对城镇职工养老社会保险问题关注、研究得比较多，而对农村养老社会保险问题的研究还不充分，不够深入。因此，如何建立健全适合我国国情的农村社会养老保险法律制度，就成为我们改革与发展面临的一个重大课题。随着人口老龄化逐渐显现和农村城市化进程加快，传统的家庭养老方式越来越不能满足农民的养老需求，农民亟待实行社会养老，探索一种适合我国国情的农村养老保险制度变得非常紧迫。据预测，到21世纪初，我国将成为老年型国家。21世纪二三十年代，将出现老龄化高峰，老龄人口可占总人口的22%至23%。我国人口大头在农村，农村老年人约占全国老①马发生：《农村社会养老保险制度》，湖北成人教育学院学院学报，2002年05期年人口的75%左右，人口老龄化将带来一系列的经济和社会问题。因此，我们必须提前做好准备，建立社会养老保险制度，以应付老龄化高峰对经济发展和社会稳定的冲击。建立农村社会养老保险制度能够有效解决家庭养老的脆弱性、分散性和不稳定性，保障农村的老年人安稳地度过晚年。这既有利于在农村平稳度过人口老龄化高峰期，更是从根本上解决家庭养老方式缺陷的办法。（二）选题的意义一是完善和推行农村社会养老保险制度是我国人口老龄化趋势的客观要求，是落实计划生育基本国策的一项重要配套措施。随着