2018-2019学年高中英语 Unit 22 Environmental Protection S

1Unit22EnvironmentalProtectionSectionⅣ课时语法精讲KESHIYUFAJINGJIANG[语法·预备役]用括号里动词的适当形式完成下面句子1．Finance____________(organise)todealwithroadnoisepollutioninallmajorcities.答案：hasbeenorganised2．Thefundforhousing____________(allocate)bythem.答案：willbeallocated3．Oneoftheirmostspectacularprojects____________(call)SurroundedIslands.答案：wascalled4．ElevenislandsonthecoastnearMiami____________(surround)oversixthousandsquaremetresofpinkplastic!答案：weresurroundedby5．Thequestion____________(discuss)atthemeetingnow.答案：isbeingdiscussed[语法·讲座]被动语态一、被动语态的用法被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，常用于下列三种情况：(1)不知道谁是动作的执行者，或由于某种原因没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。(2)需要突出或强调动作的承受者。(3)由于某种理由(如为了礼貌、婉转或便于组合句法关系)而需要用被动语态。Theboxiskeptintheshade.盒子被放在阴凉处。Suchexercisesareoftendonebythestudentsinclass.这类练习常常由学生在课堂上做。二、被动语态的构成时态形式举例一般现在时is/am/aredoneNewproblemsaredealtwitheveryday.每天都有新的问题被处理。一般过去时was/weredoneTheseletterswerewrittenin1990.这些信是1990年写的。2一般将来时willbedoneManytreeswillbeplantednextyear.明年将种许多树。过去将来时wouldbedoneTheplanwouldbecarriedout.计划将被执行。现在进行时is/am/arebeingdoneThequestionisbeingdiscussedatpresent.问题现在正在讨论之中。过去进行时was/werebeingdoneAtthattimehewasbeingshownhowtoswim.那时他正在被教如何游泳。现在完成时has/havebeendoneBoththetowershavealreadybeenrepaired.两个塔已被修复完毕。过去完成时hadbeendoneHesaidthatsomebridgeshadbeenwashedaway.他说一些桥已被冲走。三、非谓语动词的被动语态1．不定式的被动语态分为一般式和完成式，即：tobedone和tohavebeendone。不定式的一般式表示的动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时(几乎同时)发生，或是发生在它之后。不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。Thenewplaytobeputontonightwillbeveryinteresting.今晚要上演的新剧将十分有趣。Thepressconferenceistobeheldtomorrow.新闻发布会明天举行。Theroomseemstohavebeentidiedupalready.这个房间似乎已经整理过了。2．动名词的被动语态一般式：beingdone完成式：havingbeendone(1)动名词被动语态的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在其前发生。Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.这只松鼠很幸运，它恰好逃脱。(2)动名词被动语态的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。IrememberedhavingbeentakentoBeijingwhenIwasachild.我记得我小时候被带着去过北京。3．现在分词的被动语态一般式：beingdone完成式：havingbeendone3(1)现在分词被动语态的一般式，表示一个被动的动作正在进行。Theschoolbeingbuiltisintendedforthedisabledchildren.正在修建的学校是为残疾儿童准备的。Isuddenlyfeltmyselfbeinghitbyaheavyfist.我突然感到自己被重重地打了一拳。(2)现在分词被动语态的完成式表示一个被动的动作在谓语动词之前已经完成了。Theman,havingbeendisturbedsobadly,almostlosthismemory.由于受到严重困扰，这个人几乎失去了记忆。Nothavingbeeninformedofthenews,theydidn'tattendthemeeting.因为未被告知，他们没有到会。⊙强化印证1用所给动词的适当形式填空1．Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledtothethief____________(catch)．答案：beingcaught2．__________________________(injure)intheaccident,hehadtobetakentothehospitalimmediately.答案：Havingbeenseriouslyinjured3．Thebrokenwindowwants____________(repair)．答案：repairing/toberepaired4．Theproblemisworthyof____________(discuss)．答案：beingdiscussed5．Thequestion____________(discuss)isofgreatimportance.答案：beingdiscussed6．Themeeting____________(hold)tomorrowafternoonisofgreatimportance.答案：tobeheld7．Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____________(see)whethertheywillenjoyit.答案：tobeseen8．Thereisameeting____________(attend)．答案：toattend9．TogoshoppingonSundaysseemstomymotherarule____________(broke)．答案：nevertobebroken10．LittleTomwouldlove____________(take)tothetheaterthisevening.答案：tobetaken4四、主动形式表示被动意义1．write,read,sell,wash等动词可用来表示主语内在的品质或性能，与well,badly,easily等评价性副词连用时，用主动形式表示被动意义。Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.新产品很畅销。2．feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等系动词后接表语时一般用主动形式表被动意义。Thematerialfeelsverysoft.这种布料摸起来很软。Thefoodtastesdelicious.这种食品尝起来很美味。3．need,require,want等动词和beworth后接动名词时，动名词虽为主动形式，却表示被动意义。Mywatchdoesn'twork;itneedsrepairing.我的手表坏了，它需要修理。Thisfilmisreallyworthseeing.这部电影的确值得看。⊙强化印证2用所给动词的适当形式填空1．Thecloth____________(wash)well.答案：washes2．Thedoorwon't____________(shut)．答案：shut3．Thestory____________(sound)veryinteresting.答案：sounds4．Thiscoat____________(dry)easily.答案：dries[考点·研讨]1．Therearestillmanyproblems____________(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.答案研讨：tobesolved句意：在我们在月球上长久居住之前，仍有许多问题要解决。problems与solve是被动关系，solve又是将要发生的事，故应用tobesolved。做非谓5语动词题型时，既要分析判断出非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主、被动关系，还要分析判断非谓语动词发生的时间。2.Wewon'tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations____________(make)．答案研讨：havebeenmade句意：直到一切准备就绪时，我们才开始干活。在时间状语从句中，实行“主将从现”原则，故从句用现在完成时，preparations与make构成动宾关系，故用被动语态。3.Thelecture____________(give)，alivelyquestion­and­answersessionfollowed.答案研讨：havingbeengiven句意：演讲完成后，接下来是现场问答会。give这一动作发生在follow之前，而thelecture与give构成被动关系，故用现在分词完成被动式。4.Weareconfidentthattheenvironment____________(improve)byourfurthereffortstoreducepollution.答案研讨：willbeimproved考查动词的时态和语态。根据weareconfident和byourfurtherefforts可知，环境得到改善应该是将来的事情，故用一般将来时的被动语态。5.—Sowhatistheprocedure?—Alltheapplicants____________(interview)beforeafinaldecisionismadebytheauthority.答案研讨：areinterviewed考查动词的时态和语态。句意：——那么程序是什么样？——所有申请人都被面试后，官方才做最终抉择。申请人通过面试为客观事实情况而不是具体一次性行为，且为被动。[达标·演练]Ⅰ.完成句子1．Thepressconferenceis____________(hold)tomorrow.新闻发布会将于明天举行。答案：tobeheld2．Thequestion____________(discuss)atpresent.这个问题目前正在讨论。答案：isbeingdiscussed3．Hesaidthatsomehouses____________(burn)downinthebigfire.他说一些房子在这场大火中烧毁。答案：hadbeenburnt4．Theroomseems____________(clean)already.这个房间似乎已经打扫了。答案：tohavebeencleaned65．Hernewalbum____________(sell)wellandsherisestofameovernight.她的新唱片很畅销，使她一夜成名。答案：sells6．Thelittletreesrequire____________(water)everyday.这些小