选修8-第二单元-知识点-language-points

B8Unit2CloningLanguagepoints1.Inpairs,lookatthesepicturesanddiscusswhichonesarenaturalclonesandwhichonesareman-made.Explainhowtheydiffer.differvi.不一致,不同,相异,不同意,意见相左常见的搭配有：sbdifferfrom/withsbon/about/over/uponsthAandBdifferin…AdiffersfromB她的方法跟我的没有很大不同。Hermethoddoesn’tdiffermuchfrommine.现代飞机跟早期的在很多方面有所不同。Modernairplanesdifferfromearlyones.对于如何解决问题,我跟他的意见不一致。Idifferwithhimonhowtosolvetheproblem.关于道德标准,他们的见解不同。Theydifferwitheachotheronmoralstandards.即时练习：用介词from,with,on,about,upon或in填空。(1)Wediffer_________him____________________thatquestion.(2)Thetwonationsdiffer______cultureandreligion.(3)Theclimateherediffers___________thatoftheSouth.differencen.差异,差别,分歧,争论,差额differentadj.不同的from/withon/about/upon/overinfrom/with1.Itisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalandplant.exactadj.精确的,准确的,原样的,精密的Whatwerehisexactwords?Idon’tknowtheexactsizeoftheroom.exactlyadv.正确地,严密地,恰恰That’sexactlywhatIexpected.You’vearrivedatexactlytherightmoment.exactlyspeakinghappenvi.occurbychance;takeplace(偶然地）发生；出现happentodo…happentosb.Ithappenedthat…happeningn.事件；偶然发生的事(常用复数)2.Italsohappensinanimalswhentwinsidenticalinsexandappearanceareproducedfromthesameoriginalegg.这种现象也发生在动物身上，从同一个原生卵子产生性别和相貌相同的双胞胎也是克隆。碰巧（某人）发生什么事了碰巧辨析：happen,occur,takeplace与comeabout四词都有“发生”之意，但有区别。happen是一般用语，词义较广，强调事情发生的偶然性;occur用法较正式，既可以指自然发生，也可以指有意安排。takeplace一般指有计划，按事先安排的进行的含义。comeabout往往注重事情发生的原因，常与how连用。注：以上四组词均为不及物动词，无被动语态。Usetheabovewordstofillthefollowingblanks:1)Whendidtheexplosion_______?2)Importantelections_______thisfall?3)Theconcertwill___________nextSunday.4)Howdidthequarrel___________?occurtakeplacecomeabouthappenidenticaladj.①完全相同的(常与with/to连用)②同一的,同样的Thesetwodesignsarealmostidentical.Myopinionisidenticalwithhis.Thispictureisidenticaltotheonemymotherhas.Alleggslooksimilar,butnotwoeggsareidentical,Leonardodavinci’steacheroncesaidtohim.3.Firstly,gardenersuseitallthetimetoproducecommercialquantitiesofplants.第一，园艺师一直用它生产大量的供商用的植物。commercialadj.①商业的,贸易的acommercialloan/law/activity商业贷款/法规/活动②商务的Heistakingacommercialcourseatthelocalcollege.他在本地学院学商业课程。③以获利为目的的，从营利角度出发的Theplaywasacommercialsuccess.这出戏从营利角度看很成功。Hernovelsarewellwrittenandcommercialaswell.她的小说写得好，销路也好。4.Cloningplantsisstraightforwardbutthecloningofanimalsismorecomplicated.克隆植物简单，但克隆动物就比较复杂了，在程序上也就难以处理了。straightforwardadj.简单的,易懂的,直接了当的;正直的,坦率的Thequestionisquitestraightforward;whycan’tyouanswerit?Atleasthewasquitestraightforwardaboutit,youcan’tsayhewastryingtodeceiveyou.他起码在那件事上是相当坦率的，你不能说他试图欺骗你。5.Theprocedureisdifficulttoundertake,ofcourse.在程序上也就难以处理了proceduren.程序,手续,步骤Stoparguingaboutprocedureandlet’sgetdowntobusiness.别再为程序（问题）争辩了,咱们着手议正事吧.What’stheprocedureforopeningabankaccount?在银行开个帐户要办什么手续?undertakevt.实施，从事，着手做，承担,担任,许诺,保证，采取undertakesth承担某事undertaketodosth许诺做某事/同意做某事undertakethat…保证…undertaking(N)任务/事业/保证•我愿意承接这项变革的责任。•Icanundertaketheresponsibilityforthechanges.•他答应在星期五以前完成那工作.•HeundertooktofinishthejobbyFriday.即时练习：完成下列句子。(1)Hewill___________________nextmonth(去旅行).(2)He______________________(承担了一项新任务).undertookanewtaskundertakeajourney我不能保证我能按时做完它.Ican’tundertakeyouthatI’llfinishitintime.Startinganewbusinesscanbeariskyundertaking.6.Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistswasrewardedin1996withabreakthrough—thecloningofDollythesheep.但是，科学家的决心和耐心最终得到了回报，这就是1996年具有突破性的克隆羊“多莉”的诞生。Breakthroughn.重大的发展,发现,突破（尤指科学知识方面）癌症研究方面的重大突破amajorbreakthroughincancerresearch谈判的重大进展.abreakthroughinnegotiations7.Thenucleusofthiscellcontainsallthegenesneededtoproduceanewsheep.这个细胞得细胞核含有生产一只新的绵羊的必需的基因。neededtoproduceanewsheep为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰其前面的名词genes,构成动宾搭配关系。containv.haveorholdwithinitself包含，里面有辨析：contain与includecontain“包含，含有”，侧重于包含的内容或成分，“里面装有”；include“包括”，侧重范围或整体。Eg:1)Whisky________alargepercentageofalcohol.2)Thebook_________fortymaps,________threeofGreatBritain.containscontainsincluding8.ThenucleusfromsheepBandtheeggcellfromsheepAarejoinedusingelectricity.Usingelectricity为现在分词短语作方式状语。联手，携手参加活动和某人一起做事参军，连起来从绵羊B中取出的细胞核与从绵羊A中取出的卵细胞用电流使之结合。Joinhandsjoininsth./doingsthjoinsb.insth.joinup辨析：takepartin,join,joinin与attendtakepartin指参加某项活动，并以积极的态度在所参加的活动中起作用；join“加入”团体或组织；joinin指参加活动和游戏；joinsb.insth.和某人一起做某事；attend参加会议(听演讲、听音乐、参加婚礼）Will_______meinawalk?Theyhadaquietweddingonlyafewfriends__________it.MayI_______thegameWhendidyou_______theParty?TomorrowI’ll________________thefootballmatch.joinattendedjoininjointakepartin9.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbecomeseriouslyill.接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。表示方位、时间、或方式的副词或介词短语，如then,now,here,there,up,down,in,away,off,out,intheroom,onthewall等，置于句首时，句子倒装。Outrushedthechildren.Incomestheboy.Herecomesthebus.disturbvt.扰乱,使不安,弄乱disturbedadj.被扰乱的,动乱的,不安的disturbingadj.令人不安的/烦扰即时练习：用disturb,disturbing,disturbed填空。(1)I’mvery__________aboutAlice.(2)Don’t_________thepapersonmydesk.(3)Thiscountryisina____________state.(4)What____________newsitis!(5)Alightwind___________thesurfaceofthewater.disturbeddisturbeddisturbingdisturbingdisturb10.CloningscientistswerecastdowntofindthatDolly’sillnessweremoreappropri