2021学年新教材高中英语Unit2Onwardsandupwards教学知识细解码学案外研版选择性

-1-Unit2Onwardsandupwards1．informv．通知，告知→informationn．信息2．rejectv．拒绝，否决→rejectionn．拒绝，否决3．perseverev．锲而不舍，坚持不懈→perseverancen．毅力；坚持4．criticizev．批评，挑剔→criticaladj.批评的→criticismn．批评；指责5．delightv．使高兴n．高兴→delightedadj.高兴的；愉快的guaranteen．保证；保证书；担保；担保人；抵押品vt.保证；担保①Adiplomaisnoguaranteeofefficiency.n.保证②Heputuphishouseasaguarantee.n.抵押品③Weguaranteethatyouwillfindacommunitywithwhichtosocialise.v.保证WordsAndPhrases知识要点1debtn．债务，欠款(教材P13)Whenthefundsarelowandthedebtsarehigh，...当资金少而债务高的时候，……[例1]IneedtopayoffallmydebtsbeforeIleavethecountry.我得在离开该国前偿清所有债务。[例2]HewassogoodtomethatIcanneverrepaythedebtIowehim.他对我太好了，我永远也还不清这份人情。[知识拓展](1)indebt中in表示“处于……状态中”，debt前不加任何冠词。(2)go/get/runintodebt负债beinheavydebt负债累累beoutofdebt不欠债(状态)payoffallthedebts还清债务(动作)beinsb.'sdebt＝beindebttosb.欠某人的人情债；受某人的恩惠；感激某人[即学即练]单句语法填空-2-①I'minheavydebtatthemoment，butIhopetobeoutofdebtwhenIgetpaid.②It'seasiertogetintodebtthangetoutofit.③Yousavedmylife；Iamindebttoyouforever.[小片段助记]Mikehadbeenindebtformanyyears，butheworkedharddayandnightandmanagedtostayoutofdebt.However，hisfatherfellseriouslyillsuddenlyandMikegot/ranintodebttosavehisfather.WhenMikefelthelplessashedidn'tknowhowtopayoffthedebts，Mr.Whiteofferedhimagoodjobtohelphim，soMikeoftensaidtoMr.White，“IwillalwaysrememberyourkindnessandI'mforeverinyourdebt.”知识要点2pacen．速度；步速；节奏(教材P13)Don'tgiveupthoughthepaceseemsslow...尽管速度似乎很慢，但不要放弃……[例1]Itisdifficulttokeepupwiththerapidpaceofchange.跟上迅速的变化是很困难的。[例2]Iprefertherelaxedpaceoflifeinthecountry.我喜爱乡间那悠闲的生活节奏。[知识拓展]atone'sownpace以某人自己的速度keeppacewith跟上，(与……)并驾齐驱；(与……)步调一致setthepace定步速；起带头作用thepaceoflife生活节奏paceupanddown来回踱步[即学即练]单句语法填空①SheworkssofastthatIcan'tkeeppacewithher.②Eachchildlearnsathisorherownpace.知识要点3informv．通知；告知(教材P14)Weregrettoinformyou...我们很遗憾地通知你……[例]Ifyouthreatenmeoruseanyforce，Ishallinformthepolice.你要是威胁我或是动武，我就报警。[知识拓展](1)informsb.ofsth.通知某人某事informsb.that...告知某人……(2)informedadj.了解情况的；消息灵通的；有学问的-3-keepsb.informedofsth.使某人知道某事；随时报告某人某事(3)informationn.信息(不可数)[即学即练]单句语法填空①Haveyouinformedthebossof/aboutyourwishtoleave?②Theheadmasterinformedusthattheschoolwouldbeclosedforoneday.③Pleasekeepmeinformed(inform)of/aboutthelatestprocessoftheplan.知识要点4giveup放弃；停止；交给；让给；对某人的到来(康复、能否找到等)不再抱希望(教材P14)Youmayhavespentyearsgivingupyourweekendsandfreetimetowriteyourlife'swork，...你可能花了很多年放弃周末和空闲时间来写你一生的著作，……[例1]Hetriedtorunawaybutgaveupwhenhefoundhimselfsurrounded.他试图逃跑，但发现已被包围时只好放弃了这个念头。[例2]Oneofthemenwithhimgaveuphisplaceonthebench.他的一个同伴将长椅上的位子让了出来。[知识拓展]givein(tosb.)(向某人)屈服，让步giveout用尽；分发；发出(不用于被动语态)giveback归还giveaway泄露；赠送giveoff放出(光、热、气味等)；散发[即学即练]单句语法填空①Don'tgiveawaytothepublicwhenwewillstart.②Pleasegivebackmybiketometomorrow.③Theheatercangiveoffmuchwarmth.[名师点津]giveup表示“放弃”，后面跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，若宾语为代词，则代词必须放在giveup中间。知识要点5havesth.incommon(withsb.orsth.)与……有(想法、兴趣、特征等)相同之处(教材P14)Whenshereceivedherfirstrejectionletter，shedecidedthatitmeantshenowhadsomethingincommonwithherfavouritewriters，...当她收到第一封拒绝信时，她认为这意味着她现在和她最喜欢的作家有了共同点，……[例1]Weareattractedbyeachother，becausewehavesomethingincommon.-4-我们互相吸引对方，是因为我们有共同之处。[例2]HisthoughthadsomethingincommonwiththatofEmersonandothertranscendentalists.他和爱默生以及其他的超验论者在思想上也有相通之处。[知识拓展]havenothingincommon无共同之处havelittleincommon几乎无共同之处havealotincommon有许多共同之处incommonwith和……一样；和……有共同之处[即学即练]单句语法填空①Althoughwehavemetbychance，wedohavealotincommon.②Incommonwithmanycountries，Britainhasseriousenvironmentalproblems.知识要点6turndown调小；拒绝(教材P14)Iwasn'tgoingtogiveupuntileverysinglepublisherturnedmedown，...在每个出版商拒绝我之前我不会放弃，……[例1]Shecouldnotbeartherelentlessmusicandturneddownthevolume.她受不了没完没了的音乐，就把音量调小了。[例2]SupposingIturndownyouroffer，wouldyoufeeldisappointed?假如我拒绝你的提议，你会感到失望吗？[知识拓展]turnup出现；到场；开大；调高音量turnaround/round转身turnout证明是；结果是turnto转向；求助于，查阅turnover翻转；移交turnon/off打开/关闭(开关)turnin上交turninto变成[即学即练]单句语法填空①WhenIturnedupformyfirstjumpIwassonervousthatItriedtobackout，butmyfriendspersuadedmetogothroughwithit.②Itturnedoutthatshewasafriendofmysister.知识要点7guaranteev．保证；担保；保修n．保证；保证书-5-(教材P15)So，itseemsthattalentaloneisn'tenoughtoguaranteesuccess.所以，似乎光靠天赋不足以保证成功。[例1]Iguaranteethatifyoutakethismedicine，you'llsoongetwell.我管保你吃了这药就好。[例2]Afamousoldnameonafirmisnotnecessarilyaguaranteeofquality.公司悠久的品牌并不能确保商品的质量。[知识拓展](1)guaranteesb.sth.(＝ensuresb.sth.)保证某人得到某物guaranteetodosth.保证做某事guaranteethat...确保……guaranteesth.forsometime对……保修多久(2)givesb.aguaranteethat...向某人保证……underguarantee在保修期内[即学即练]单句语法填空①Iguaranteetobe(be)heretomorrow.Trustme!②Iguaranteethatyou'llenjoyyourself.③Thisinsuranceguaranteesyouagainstlossincaseoffire.知识要点8delightedadj.高兴的；愉快的(教材P15)Wearedelightedtoinformyou...我们很高兴地通知你……[例1]Iwasdelightedtobeabletoeatmyfavoritedishestomyheart'scontent.我很高兴能够痛痛快快地吃我最喜爱的菜。[例2]Thebearwasdelightedandbegantodancehappily.那只熊听了很高兴，就开始快乐地跳舞。[知识拓展][即学即练]单句语法填空①Hewasverymuchdelightedwiththeresults.-6-②Myparentswillbedelightedtosee(see)you.[小片段助记]Muchtomydelight，mysonisdelightedtolearnEnglish.YesterdayhecamehousewithdelightandtoldmethegoodnewsthathewonthefirstplaceinanEnglishcompetition.SentencePatterns重点句式1not...until...句型(教材P14)Iwasn'tgoingtogiveupuntileverysi