2021学年高中英语新教材人教版必修第二册课件UNIT3Section

SectionⅢDiscoveringUsefulStructures现在完成时的被动语态一、现在完成时的被动语态的四种句式【观察思考】▶Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.简的生活被因特网改善了许多。▶Manypeoplehavebeenhelpedbytheclub.很多人受到过这个俱乐部的帮助。▶Hisnovelhasnotbeenfinished.他的小说还没写完。▶Havethenewbookingsystemsforticketsbeenused?新的订票系统已经在使用了吗?▶Howlonghasthebatterybeenused?电池已经使用多久了?【探究总结】肯定式主语+…否定式主语+…一般疑问式+主语+beendone…?特殊疑问式+主语+beendone…?have/hasbeendonehave/hasnotbeendoneHave/Has特殊疑问词+have/has【应用实践】翻译句子。①你的车已经修好了。_____________________________________________________②地面还没打扫干净。_____________________________________________________③那些房间粉刷了吗?_____________________________________________________④这部电影已经放映多久了?_____________________________________________________答案:①Yourcarhasbeenrepaired.②Thefloorhasnotbeencleaned.③Havethoseroomsbeenpainted?④Howlonghasthefilmbeenon?二、现在完成时的被动语态的三个用法1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果。【观察思考】▶Itissolatethatthedoorhasalreadybeenlocked.太晚了,门已经被锁上了。▶Hispaperhasn’tbeenhandedinyet.他的论文还没有交上。【探究总结】当动词为非延续性动词时,可与________或_______连用,但不能与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。【应用实践】单句改错。①Theclubhasbeenfoundedforfiveyears.____________________________________________________②Myreporthasbeenhandedinforaweek._____________________________________________________alreadyyet答案:①Theclubwasfoundedfiveyearsago.②Myreportwashandedinaweekago.2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去并向后持续。【观察思考】▶Hiscomputerhasbeenrepairedfortwohours.他的电脑已经修了两个小时了。▶Thevaluablebookhasbeenkeptinthelibrarysinceitwasboughtlastyear.这本有价值的书自从去年买来就保存在这家图书馆里。【探究总结】表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并有可能持续下去,常与或引导的时间状语连用或用于“Howlong…?”句型中。【应用实践】完成句子。①Onehundredwords_________(已经学了)sincelastweek.②Theoldtemplehasbeenbuilt_________(两年)anditisstillinconstruction.forsince答案:①havebeenlearned②fortwoyears3.用于时间或条件状语从句。【观察思考】▶MrFengwillgohometocelebratetheNewYear’sEveassoonashisperformancehasbeenfinished.冯先生的表演一结束,他就回家庆祝除夕。【探究总结】用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某时已完成的动作,即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。【应用实践】单句语法填空。①Don’tgoouttoplayuntilallofyourhomework_______(finish).②Wewon’tstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations______(make).答案:①hasbeenfinished②havebeenmade三、使用现在完成时的被动语态的四个注意事项【观察思考】▶Hispuzzlehasbeenworkedout.他出的谜已经被解出来了。▶Theparkwasopenedtothepubliclastyear.去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去)▶Theparkhasbeenopenedtothepublic.这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去,但对现在有影响,即现在公园已开放)▶Theprojectwasstartedalmostoneyearago.工程开始于差不多一年以前。▶Don’tworry.Yourluggagehasalreadybeentakengoodcareof.不要担心。你的行李已被好好照看。【探究总结】(1)现在完成时的被动语态的两个部分,即have/has和been,两者缺一不可。(2)与一般过去时的被动语态的区别:一般过去时的被动语态强调发生在过去,不强调动作或状态与现在的联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。(3)非延续性动词,如borrow、finish、begin、start、buy、marry、open、join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思,则要改换动词或时态。(4)短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在被动语态中要保持完整性,其中的介词或副词不可省略。【名师提醒】①常与现在完成时的被动语态连用的时间状语:already、yet、recently、lately、sincethen、ever、sofar、uptonow、foralongtime、bynow、inrecentyears、in/during/over/forthepast/last…years/weeks/months。②被动结构与系表结构的区别:被动结构中过去分词强调动作,而系表结构中过去分词相当于形容词,强调主语的特点或状态。Thefieldhasbeenwateredtwice.田地已被浇水两次。(强调water的动作已完成)Thefieldiscoveredwithsnow.田地被雪覆盖。(强调田地目前的状态)③在现在完成时的被动语态的附加疑问句中,否定时使用hasn’t/haven’t,肯定时使用has/have。Hishomeworkhasbeenfinished,hasn’tit?Thebookshaven’tbeensoldout,havethey?【应用实践】(1)句型转换(将下列句子改为被动语态)。①Theyhavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime._____________________________________________________②Overtime,peoplehavechangedthecomputeralot._____________________________________________________③HisparentshavemadeJackworkharderthanbefore._____________________________________________________④Havetheyreturnedthebookyet?_____________________________________________________⑤Haveyoufoundwaystomakewastewaterclean?_____________________________________________________⑥LiHua’sbosshaspraisedhimforhisexcellentwork._____________________________________________________答案:①Theworkhasbeenfinishedaheadoftime.②Overtime,thecomputerhasbeenchangedalot.③Jackhasbeenmadetoworkharderthanbefore.④Hasthebookbeenreturnedyet?⑤Havewaysbeenfoundtomakewastewaterclean?⑥LiHuahasbeenpraisedbyhisbossforhisexcellentwork.(2)完成句子。①Shakespeare’splayHamlet(拍成)intoatleasttendifferentfilmsoverthepastyears.②Uptonow,Huaweiphones(使用)allovertheworld.③Sofarthisnovel(translate)intoseverallanguages.④thistable(book)yet?答案:①hasbeenmade②havebeenused③hasbeentranslated④Has;beenbooked(3)翻译句子。①他们结婚10年了。_____________________________________________________②那位老人被精心照顾了10年。_____________________________________________________答案:①Theyhavebeenmarriedfor10years./Theygotmarried10yearsago.②Theoldmanhasbeentakengoodcareoffor10years.