专业英语中常用符号和数学表达式

那你就得了解各种数学名称了，比如“y分之x”是“xovery”，“x乘以y”是“xtimesy”，“除以”是“dividedby”，加plus,减minus；“x的y次方”是“xtothepowerofy”，“根”是“root”，几次跟就是几的英语序数形式，6次根=6throot。1.(A的三次方+B的立方根-CXD的五次方)/E=F读做:AcubeplusthecuberootofBminusCmultipliedbythe5thpowerofD,alldividedbyEequalsF.2.(6+3+7/12-4.35X5)/(9*1/3)读做:Sixplusthreeandseventwelfthsminusfourdecimalthreefivemultipliedbyfive,alldividedbynineandathird.3.基本术语：数学mathematics数字number双数evennumber单数oddnumber计算calculate口算calculatementally笔算calculateusingpen-and-paper竖式verticalform一位数1-digitnumber两位数2-digitnumber文字题wordproblem应用题storyproblem4、常用符号：＋plus、－minus、＝equal(s)、＞isgreater/morethan、＜islessthan()brackets5、加减法及各部分名称：加法addition加数addend和sum减法subtraction被减数minuend减数subtrahend差difference6、数位知识：数位表placevaluechart个Units/Ones十Tens百Hundreds7、图形名称：长方体cuboid正方体cube圆柱cylinder球sphere长方形rectangle正方形square三角形triangle圆circle边side角angle面face专业英语中常用符号和数学表达式1．数的分类complexnumber复数zero;naught;0零realnumber实数imaginarynumber虚数relationalnumber有理数irrationalnumber无理数integernumber整数positiveintegernumber正整数naturalnumber自然数negativeintegernumber负整数fraction分数decimal小数oddnumber奇数evennumber偶数cardinalnumber基数ordinalnumber序数approximatenumber近似数significantnumber有效数2．整数addition加法subtraction减法addend加数subtrahend减数augend被加数minuend被减数plussign加号minussign减号sum和difference（diffa）差plus;add;and;increase加minus;decrease;subtract减is;equal等division除法multiplication乘法divide除multiply;multipliedby;times乘divisor除数multiplier乘数dividend被除数multiplicand被乘数quotient商product积remainder余数positive正negative负3．小数和分数numerator分子denominator分母decimalpoint小数点naughtpointfour零点四fractionstroke分数线recurringdecimal循环小数4．百分数percent百分比interest利息average平均数roundoff舍入discount折扣5．幂与指数power幂;乘方root-extracting开方exponent指数logarithms对数Xsquared某数的平方cube三次方threecubed三次方的four乘四次方cuberoot立方根squareroot平方根torisetothepoweroffive使乘五次方radicalsign根号6．代数algebra代数equation等式;方程式inequality不等式unknownnumber未知数absolutevalue绝对值simpleequation一次方程quadraticequation二次方程cubicequation三次方程monomial单项式polynomial多项式variable变量coefficient系数differential微分integral积分derivative导数function函数ratio比proportion比例signofequality等号signofinequality不等号interval区间matrix矩阵theorem定理lemma引理definition定义7．常用数学表达式1/2ahalf;onehalfl/3athird;onethird2/3twothirds1/4aquarter;onequarter;afourth;onefourthl/100a（one）hundredthl/1,000a（one）thousandth113/324onehundredandthirteenoverthreehundredandtwenty-fourfourandtwo-thirdsforty-fiveandeighty-nineovertwenty-three0.1onetenth;pointone0.01onehundredth;pointzeroone0.001onethousandth;pointzerozeroone;pointtwozeroone2050.0357twothousandandfiftypointzerothreefiveseven0.25zeropointtwofivepointtwofiverepetendfivezeropointtwofiverecurringzeropointthreeseventwenty-fiverecurring对483579四舍五入到千位roundoff483579tonearestthousand108onefollowedbyeighteenzeros-30.8negativethirtypointeight2-3itwominusthreei;twominusthreetimesi2％twopercent;twopercent5‰fivepermill;fivepermill∞infinityx＋y＝zxplusyisz;addxtoyisz;xandyisz(x＋y)bracketxplusybracketclosedx-yxminusy;subtractyfromx;yfromx;xsubtractsyx±yxplusorminusyx×y;xyxy;multiplyxbyy;xmultipliedbyy;xbyy;xtimesy;x÷ydividexbyy;yintoxxoveryx:ytherationofxtoyx∝yxvariesasy;xisindirectproportiontoyx＝yxequalsy;xisequaltoy;xisyx≠yxisnotequaltoy;xisnotyx≡yxisidenticaltoy;xisequivalenttoy;xisequivalenttoy;x≈yxisapproximatelyequaltoy;xapproximatelyequalsyx＞yxisgreaterthany;xismorethanyxyxismuchgreaterthany;xisfargreaterthanyx≥yxisgreaterthanorequaltoyx＜yxislessthanyxyxismuchlessthanyx≤yxislessthanorequaltoy0＜x＜1zeroislessthanxislessthan1;xisgreaterthanzeroandlessthan10≤x≤1zeroislessthanorequaltoxislessthanorequalto1x2xsquare;xsquared;thesquareofx;thesecondpowerofx;xtosecondpowerx3xcube;xcubed;thecubeofx;thethirdpowerofx;xtothethirdpowerxnthenthpowerofx;xtothenthpower;xtothepowernthesquarerootofx;xsquaredthecuberootofxthenthrootofxx-nxtothe(power)minusn(x+y)2xplusyallsquaredxoveryallsquaredxixi;xsubscripti;xsuffixi;xsubilognxlogxtothebasen;logofxtothebasenlog10xlogxtobase10;commonlogarithmlogex;lnxlogxtothebasee;logtothebaseeofy;naturallog(of)yex;exp(x)exponentialfunctionofx,etothepowerxthesummationofxsubi,whereigoesfrom1ton;thesumfromiequalsonetonxi;thesumasirunsfromonetonofthexitheproductofxsubi,whereigoesfromonetontheproductofallxifromiequalsonetontheproductofallxifromiequalsonetoinfinitytheabsolutevalueofx;modx;modulusxthemeanvalueofx;xbarxhatxtildex*xasteriskxprimexdoubleprimexdoubleprimesubmf(x)fx;fofx;thefunctionfofxafunctionffromStoTf¢(x)fprimex;fdashx;the(1st)derivativeoffwithrespecttoxf²(x)fdouble–primex;fdouble–dashx;thesecondderivativeoffwithrespecttoxf¢²(x)ftriple–primex;ftriple–dashx;thethirdderivativeoffwithrespecttoxf4(x)fourx;thefourthderivativeoffwithrespecttoxx!nfactorial△finitedifferenceorincrement△x,δxtheincrementofxdxdeex;deeofx;differentialxdel;nablanthdel(nabla)thedifferentialcoefficientofywithrespecttox;thefirstderivativeofywithrespectofxthesecondderivativeofywithrespectofxthenthderivativeofywithrespectofxthepartial(derivative)ofywithrespecttouthesecondpartial(derivative)ofywithrespecttoxthepartialderivationofzwithrespecttoxofthepart