河北省2019年中考英语二轮复习 第二篇 语法突破篇 语法专题12 简单句课件

语法专题（十二）简单句【中考考点】（1）陈述句的概念及其结构变化。（2）疑问句的分类及其答语。（3）感叹句的结构及感叹引导词what和how的正确使用。（4）therebe句型的基本用法。（5）连词成句。考点一陈述句陈述句是用于陈述一个事实或表达说话人的看法的句子。陈述句主要分为肯定句和否定句。1.陈述句的肯定句式主要有五种基本句型（1）主语+系动词+表语Englishisveryeasy.英语很容易。Helookstired.他看上去累了。（2）主语+不及物动词Thestudentsworkveryhard.学生们学习很努力。（3）主语+及物动词+宾语Shelikestheflowers.她喜欢这些花。Dadboughtacar.父亲买了一辆小汽车。（4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（间接宾语是人,直接宾语是物）[注意]带双宾语的及物动词,如果直接宾语置于间接宾语之前,间接宾语前必须加to或for,构成“主语+及物动语+直接宾语+to/for+间接宾语”句型。“七给”（give,pass,lend,write,show,send,hand）和“一带”（bring）,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加to;buy,draw,make在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加for。Shesentmeapresent.=Shesentapresentme.她给我寄了一份礼物。Myfatherboughtmeabike.=Myfatherboughtabikeme.我爸爸给我买了一辆自行车。tofor【巧学妙记】带双宾语的及物动词口诀:“七给”“一带”“to”不少,“买”“画”“制作”“for”来了。（5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语Theteacheraskedthestudentstolistencarefullyinclass.老师要求学生们上课认真听讲。2.陈述句的否定句式（1）be动词+not（2）情态动词/助动词+not+动词原形Ididn’tgetupatsixo’clockthismorning.今天早上六点我没有起床。（3）no,never,hardly,seldom,few,little,nobody,neither…nor,none等词构成否定句。Icanhardlybelievehisstory.我几乎不相信他的故事。（4）think,believe,suppose等词的否定前移的用法。Idon’tthinkhewillcometomorrow.我认为他明天不会来。（5）“too…to…”句型本身具有否定的含义。Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.她太小,还不能去上学。考点二疑问句1.一般疑问句（1）一般疑问句主要有三种结构:①Be+主语+其他?②助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?③情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?（2）一般疑问句的回答用yes或者no。（3）否定疑问句的答语否定疑问句通常以“be动词/情态动词/助动词+not”的缩写形式开头,表示请求、看法或者惊讶等。其答语形式和汉语表达习惯不同。—Aren’tyouastudent?你不是一名学生吗?—/不,我是。/是的,我不是。Yes,Iam．No,Iamnot.2.特殊疑问句常见的疑问代词有what,which,who,whom,whose;常见的疑问副词有when,where,why,how。特殊疑问句的一般语序为“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”。[注意]如果特殊疑问词在特殊疑问句中作主语,此特殊疑问句要用陈述语序。3.选择疑问句选择疑问句有两种:“一般疑问句+备选项”和“特殊疑问句+备选项”。—Wouldyoulikesomejuiceortea?你想要些果汁还是茶?—Neither.都不要。Whichwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?你想要哪样,茶还是咖啡?考点三感叹句abeautifulfloweritis!它是一朵多么漂亮的花啊!goodnewsitis!多好的消息啊!finetheweatheris!多么好的天气呀!fastJimruns!吉姆跑得多么快啊!timeflies!时光飞逝!WhatWhatHowHowHow【巧学妙记】感叹句,并不难,what,how放句前;名词词组跟what,how与形副紧相连。考点四祈使句Haveagoodholiday!（祝你）假日愉快!Becarefulwhenyoucrosstheroad.当你过马路时要当心。Let’shavearest.让我们休息一下吧。Noparking!禁止停车!考点五therebe句型therebe句型表示“某处有某物”,主语是be动词后面的名词。be动词必须和后面的主语保持人称和数的一致。如果有两个或两个以上的主语时,be动词遵循“就近一致”原则,即与邻近的主语保持一致。其常见结构为:There+be+主语+地点.arivernearourschool.我们学校附近有一条河。arulerandtwopencilsonthedesk.课桌上有一把尺子和两支铅笔。ThereisThereis对接中考专练A[2018·河北]1.it,outside,hot,is?2.ontime,to,remember,arrive.3.forlunch,we,what,do,have?4.acupof,Lucy,me,tea,brought.5.your,beautiful,are,how,kites!IsithotoutsideRemembertoarriveontimeWhatdowehaveforlunchLucybroughtmeacupofteaHowbeautifulyourkitesare对接中考专练B[2017·河北]6.birthday,is,gift,what,your?7.you,us,can,ride,give,a?8.five,inourgroup,there,students,are.9.helps,a,good,you,education,succeed.10.I,takeawalk,think,after,we,supper,should.WhatisyourbirthdaygiftCanyougiveusarideTherearefivestudentsinourgroupAgoodeducationhelpsyousucceedIthinkweshouldtakeawalkaftersupper对接中考专练C[2016·河北改编]11.picture,is,the,new,third.12.it,I,yesterday,drew.13.underthetree,some,thereare,children.14.thatman,among,lookat,them.15.popular,a,is,singer,he.ThethirdpictureisnewIdrewityesterday/YesterdayIdrewitTherearesomechildrenunderthetreeLookatthatmanamongthemHeisapopularsinger对接中考专练D[2015·河北改编]16.I,wenton,yesterday,atrip.17.it,my,was,schooltrip,first.18.we,happily,sang,ontheway.19.interestingactivities,many,therewere.20.what,we,a,wonderful,time,had!Iwentonatripyesterday/YesterdayIwentonatripItwasmyfirstschooltripWesanghappilyontheway/OnthewaywesanghappilyThereweremanyinterestingactivitiesWhatawonderfultimewehad对接中考专练E[2014·河北改编]21.night,did,last,rain,it?22.your,what,is,shirt,size?23.gift,him,birthday,gave,a,I.24.flowers,what,are,beautiful,they!25.tennis,a,Nancy,twice,week,play.DiditrainlastnightWhatsizeisyourshirtIgavehimabirthdaygiftWhatbeautifulflowerstheyareNancyplaystennistwiceaweek对接中考专练F[2013·河北]26.do,a,have,you,ruler?27.nice,the,taste,noodles.28.far,the,how,museum,is?29.pens,those,her,pass,black.30.match,a,now,be,TV,football,there,on.DoyouhavearulerThenoodlestasteniceHowfaristhemuseumPassherthoseblackpensThereisafootballmatchonTVnow/NowthereisafootballmatchonTV