2019-2020学年高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of th

-1-SectionⅢ—Grammar课前篇自主预习一二一、阅读下列句子,指出句子中画线部分的从句类型1.Whathetoldmewasunbelievable.从句类型:2.Itwasrightthatthetemplewasrebuilt.从句类型:3.ItiswellknownthatChinaisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartintheworld.从句类型:4.HetoldmethathecamefromtheUnitedStates.从句类型:5.Itwasbecausehewasillyesterday.从句类型:主语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句表语从句课前篇自主预习一二二、阅读下列句子,指出句子中的主语1.Abadbeginningmakesabadending.不善始者不善终。主语:2.Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。主语:3.Raisingpigsisthegirl’sjob.养猪是那个女孩的工作。主语:4.Heoftengetsuplate.他经常起床很晚。主语:5.Whetherhewillhelpusdependsonyou.他是否将帮助我们取决于你。主语:AbadbeginningToseeRaisingpigsHeWhetherhewillhelpus课前篇自主预习名词性从句(Ⅱ)——主语从句定义:在复合句中起主语作用的句子结构A.主语从句位于句首B.主语从句位于句尾,句首用it作形式主语连接词分类A.that,whether:连接词that无词义、不作句子成分、不省略B.连接代词what,who,whom,which,whose,有词义,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。连接副词when,where,why,how,有词义,在从句中作状语C.whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever与what,who,whom,which的用法一样,只是具有较强的语意,含有“凡是,不管,无论”等含义注意的几个问题A.语序:主语从句总是使用陈述语序B.主语从句的主谓一致a.主语从句后的谓语动词多用单数形式b.含有what引导的主语从句的句子,主句的谓语动词有时与表语保持一致c.有两个引导词引导的主语从句若表示一件事情,主句谓语动词用单数形式;若表示两件事情,主句谓语动词用复数形式C.it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较:如果把句中的Itis/was和that去掉,句子成分仍旧完整,说明该句为强调句型,否则为主语从句课前篇自主预习Grammar:主语从句一、主语从句的定义:在复合句中起主语作用的句子称为主语从句。二、主语从句在句中作主语,有以下两种结构1.主语从句位于句首用“[]”号画出下列句子的主语从句,并译成汉语Whathedidintheearthquakemovedeverybody.翻译答案:[Whathedidintheearthquake]movedeverybody.他在地震中做的事感动了每一个人。Whosecarrunsfastershouldbetested.翻译答案:[Whosecarrunsfaster]shouldbetested.应该测试一下谁的车跑得更快。课前篇自主预习Whokeptthedooropenallnightwasunknown.翻译答案:[Whokeptthedooropenallnight]wasunknown.没人知道是谁让门整夜开着。课前篇自主预习2.主语从句位于句尾,用it作形式主语用“[]”号画出下列句子的主语从句,并译成汉语Itisreportedthattherainwillstoptomorrow.翻译答案:Itisreported[thattherainwillstoptomorrow].据报道,明天雨会停。(2018·全国Ⅱ高考)It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversation.翻译答案:It’smorelikely[thatnoneofusstartaconversation].更有可能的是,我们谁也不开始交谈。课前篇自主预习Itisapitythathedidn’tcometotheparty.翻译答案:Itisapity[thathedidn’tcometotheparty].可惜的是他没来参加晚会。IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.翻译答案:Ithappened[thatIwasoutthatday].碰巧那天我不在。(2018·浙江高考)It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.翻译答案:It’spartlytrue[thatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife].狄更斯的写作风格吸引了各行各业的观众,这种说法不完全正确。课前篇自主预习三、主语从句的连接词可以分为以下三类:1.that,whether连词that本身没有意义,不作句子成分,只表示从句的开始,位于句首时that不能省略;whether/if含有“是否”的意思。单句填空youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.答案:Thatwecancontrolthefloodsisstilluncertain.答案:WhetherItdoesn’tmattershewillcomeornot.答案:whether课前篇自主预习2.连接代词what,who(m),which,whose,除了引导主语从句之外,还在从句中分别作主语、宾语、表语或定语;连接副词when,where,why,how除了引导主语从句之外,还在从句中作状语。翻译下列句子,并说明引导词在从句中充当的成分Whowilldoitdoesn’tmatter.翻译答案:谁做这件事都没有关系。(连接代词who在从句中作主语)Whatweneedismorewater.翻译答案:我们需要的是更多的水。(连接代词what在从句中作need的宾语)Whenwestarttheworkisanimportantquestion.翻译答案:我们什么时候开始这项工作是个很重要的问题。(连接副词when在从句中作时间状语)课前篇自主预习3.whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever与what,who(m),which的用法一样,只是具有较强的语意,含有“凡是,不管,无论”等含义。翻译句子Whateverhesaidwasn’ttrue.翻译答案:不管他说什么都不是事实。WhoevermakesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.翻译答案:不管是谁制作出最漂亮的风筝都会在风筝节上获奖。课前篇自主预习四、主语从句应注意的几个问题1.主语从句总是使用陈述语序单句改错Whenwillwestarthasn’tbeendecided.答案:willwe→wewillWhatdoweneediswater.答案:去掉do课前篇自主预习2.主语从句的主谓一致(1)含有主语从句的句子,主句谓语动词多用单数形式。(2)含有what引导的主语从句的句子,主句的谓语动词有时与表语保持一致。(3)有两个引导词引导的主语从句若表示一件事情,主句谓语动词应该用单数形式;若表示两件事情,主句谓语动词应该用复数形式。单句填空Whyhedidn’tcometothemeeting(be)aquestionweshouldmakeclear.答案:isWhathesaidatthemeeting(be)veryimportant.答案:was课前篇自主预习Whowillholdthemeeting(havenot)beendecided.答案:hasn’tWhatIwant(be)anewbicycle.答案:isWhatmymotherbought(be)somebooks.答案:areWhenandwherehewasborn(be)notclear.答案:isWhatcausedtheaccidentandwhowouldberesponsibleforit(have)notbeenfoundout.答案:have课前篇自主预习3.it作形式主语和it强调句的比较从形式上看,强调句型与it作形式主语的句型很像,但二者有本质的区别。判断关键:如把句中的Itis/was和that去除,句子成分仍然完整,说明该句为强调句型,否则则为主语从句。判断句子类型并译成中文Itisapitythathecan’tgowithus.句子类型翻译答案:主语从句;很遗憾他不能同我们一起去。ItwasinParisthattheymetforthefirsttime.句子类型翻译答案:强调句;他们第一次见面是在巴黎。课前篇自主预习4.在“Itissaid/believed/reportedthat...”“Ithappens/occursthat...”“Itdoesn’tmatterthat...”等句型中that引导的主语从句不可提到句首。判断句子正(T)误(F)()Itissaidthatthepresidentwillvisitthatcountrynextweek.()Thatthepresidentwillvisitthatcountrynextweekissaid.答案:TF随堂练习一、单句填空1.Ithasbeenprovedeatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessesinlaterlife.答案:that2.mattersmostinlearningEnglishisenoughpractice.答案:What3.seemstomethatyoudisagreewiththeplan.答案:It4.teamwinsonSaturdaywillgothroughtothenationalchampionships.答案:Whichever5.leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.答案:Whoever随堂练习二、单句改错1.Thatyourfatherwantstoknowishowyouaregettingonwithyourstudy.答案:That→What2.ThatyouwillbeadmittedtoNewYorkUniversitywillbedecidedbytheAdmissionCommittee.答案:That→Whether3.Whichteamwillgetthegiftsarestillunknown.答案:are→is4.Whowillgomakenodifference.答案:make→makes5.Thatpriceswillgouparecertain.答案:are→is随堂练习