ACI 364.1 R-94 Guide for Evaluation of Concrete St

ACI364.1R-94GuideforEvaluationofConcreteStructuresPriortoRehabilitation(Reapproved1999)ReportedbyACICommittee364TonyC.LiuChairmanLeonardMillsteinSecretarySamBhuyanRobertW.BobelBorisBreslerT.Z.ChastainJamesR.CliftonGlennW.DePuyAshokK.DhingraPeterEmmonsRussellS.FlingRobertGeveckerZarehB.GregorianRobertL.HenryLawrenceF.KahnDovKaminetzky*StellaL.MarusinKatharineMathertJamesE.McDonaldRichardL.MillerMichaelJ.PaulSherwoodP.PrawelRanjitS.ReelGajananM.SabnisCarolynLSearlsRobertE.ShewmakerAvantiC.ShroffMartinB.SobelmanRobertG.TracyVikasP.WaghJamesWarnerHabibM.ZeinAl-Abidien*Technicalreviewsubcommittee.tDeceased.Thisreportpresentstheguidelinesandgeneralproceduresthatmaybeusedforevaluationofconcretestructurespriortorehabilitation.Amongthesub-jectscoveredare:preliminaryinvestigation;detailedinvestigationsdocu-mentation;fieldinspectionandconditionsurvey;samplingandmaterialtestingevaluation;andfinalreport.Seismicevaluationisconsideredbe-yondthescopeofthisreport.3.2-Documentation3.3-Fieldinspectionandconditionsurvey3.4-Samplingandmaterialtesting3.5-Evaluation3.6-FinalreportKeywords:buildings:concrete;conditionsurvey:evaluation;fieldobservation;his-Chapter4-Documentation,pg.364.1R-6toricstructures:nondestructiveevaluation;rehabilitation:sampling;service4.1-Introductionhistory:testing.CONTENTSChapterl-Introduction,pg.364.1-2l.l-General1.2-Definitions1.3-PurposeandscopeChapter2-preliminaryinvestigation,pg.364.1-32.1-Introduction2.2-Scopeandmethodology2.3-ResultsChapter3-Detailedinvestigation,pg.364.1R-53.1-IntroductionACICommitteeReports,Guides,StandardPractices,andCommentariesareintendedforguidanceindesigning,plan-ning.executing,orinspectingconstructionandinpreparingspecifications.ReferencestothesedocumentsshallnotbemadeintheProjectDocuments.IfitemsfoundinthesedocumentsaredesiredtobeapartoftheProjectDocu-ments,theyshouldbephrasedinmandatorylanguageandincorporatedintotheProjectDocuments.4.2-Designinformation4.3-Materialsinformation4.4-Constructioninformation4.5-Servicehistory4.6-CommunicationChapter5-Fieldobservationsandconditionsurvey,pg.364.1R-75.1-Introduction5.2-Preparationandplanning5.3-Fieldverificationofas-builtconstruction5.4-Conditionassessment5.5-UnsafeorpotentiallyhazardousconditionsChapter6-Samplingandmaterialtesting,pg.364.1R-96.1-Introduction6.2-Determinationoftestingrequirements6.3-TestingandevaluationACI364.1R-94becameeffectiveFeb.1.1994.Copyright01993.AmericanConcreteInstitute.Allrightsreservedincludingrightsofreproductionanduseinanyformorbyanymeans,includingthemakingofcopiesbyanyphotoprocess,orbyanyelec-tronicormechanicaldevice,printed.written,ororal,orrecordingforsoundorvisualreproductionorforuseinanyknowledgeorretrievalsystemordevice.unlesspermissioninwritingisobtainedfromthecopyrightproprietors.364.1R-l364.11-2ACICOMMITTEEREPORT6.4-Nondestructiveevaluationmethods6.5-SamplingtechniquesChapter7--Evaluation,pg.364.1R-187.1-Introduction7.2-Dimensionsandgeometry7.3-Materialevaluation7.4-Structuralevaluation7.5-Evaluationofrehabilitationalternatives7.6-CostevaluationChapter8-Finalreport,pg.364.lR-198.l-Introduction8.2-Purposeandscopeofinvestigation8.3-Existingconstructionanddocumentation8.4-Fieldobservationsandconditionsurvey8.5-Samplingandmaterialtesting8.6-Evaluationandrepairalternatives8.7-FindingsandrecommendationsChapter9-References,pg.364.1R-209.1-Recommendedreferences9.2-CitedreferencesCHAPTERl-INTRODUCTIONl.l-GeneralThisreportoutlinesproceduresthatmaybeusedforevaluationofconcretestructurespriortorehabilitation.Theproceduresshouldbeusedasaguideandarenotin-tendedtoreplacejudgmentbytheengineerresponsiblefortheevaluation.Theevaluationworkisgenerallyper-formedforoneorseveralofthefollowingpurposes:a)Todeterminethefeasibilityofchangingtheuseofastructureorretrofittingthestructuretoaccommodateadifferentusefromthepresentone.Thefeasibilityofenlargingthestructureorchangingtheappearanceofthestructuremayalsobedetermined.b)Todeterminethestructuraladequacyandintegrityofastructureorselectedelements.c)Toevaluatethestructuralproblemsordistresswhichresultfromunusualloadingorexposurecondi-tions,inadequatedesign,orpoorconstructionpractices.Distressmaybecausedbyoverloads,fire,flood,foun-dationsettlement,deteriorationresultingfromabrasion,fatigueeffects,chemicalattack,weathering,orinade-quatemaintenance.d)Todeterminethefeasibilityofmodifyingtheexis-tingstructuretoconformtocurrentcodesandstandards.Manyfailureshavetakenplaceinrehabilitationpro-jectsduetoerroneousprocedureandimproperjudg-ment.Itshouldberecognizedthatthereisnoabsolutemeasurementofstructuralsafetyinanexistingstructure,particularlyinstructuresthathavedeterioratedduetoprolongedexposuretotheenvironment,orthathavebeendamagedbyaphysicalevent.Similarly,therearenogenerallyrecognizedcriteriaforevaluatingserviceabilityofanexistingstructure.Engineeringjudgmentandcloseconsultationwiththeownerregardingtheintendeduseofthestructurearerequiredintheevaluationofstruc-turespriortorehabilitation.Itisimportanttoclearlydefinetheobjectiveofthere-habilitationeffort.Thecostassociatedwithi