ACI 350.2R-97 Concrete Structures for Containment

ACI350.2R-97becameeffectiveNovember17,1997.Copyright©1998,AmericanConcreteInstitute.Allrightsreservedincludingrightsofreproductionanduseinanyformorbyanymeans,includingthemakingofcopiesbyanyphotoprocess,orbyelectronicormechanicaldevice,printed,written,ororal,orrecordingforsoundorvisualreproduc-tionorforuseinanyknowledgeorretrievalsystemordevice,unlesspermissioninwritingisobtainedfromthecopyrightproprietors.ACICommitteeReports,Guides,StandardPractices,andCommentariesareintendedforguidanceinplanning,design-ing,executing,andinspectingconstruction.Thisdocumentisintendedfortheuseofindividualswhoarecompetenttoevaluatethesignificanceandlimitationsofitscontentandrecommendationsandwhowillacceptresponsibilityfortheapplicationofthematerialitcontains.TheAmericanConcreteInstitutedisclaimsanyandallresponsibilityforthestatedprinciples.TheInstituteshallnotbeliableforanylossordamagearisingtherefrom.Referencetothisdocumentshallnotbemadeincontractdocuments.IfitemsfoundinthisdocumentaredesiredbytheArchitect/Engineertobeapartofthecontractdocu-ments,theyshallberestatedinmandatorylanguageforin-corporationbytheArchitect/Engineer.350.2R-1Thisreportpresentsrecommendationsforstructraldesign,materials,andconstructionofstructarescommonlyusedforhazardousmaterialscon-tainment.Thisincludesreinforcedconcretetanks,sumps,andotherstruc-turesthatrequiredense,impermeableconcretewithhighresistancetochemicalattack.Designandspacingofjointsareconsidered.Thereportdescribesproportioningofconcrete,placement,curing,andprotectionagainstchemicals.Informationonliners,secondarycontainmentsystems,andleakdetectionsystemsisalsoincluded.Keywords:coatingsystems;constructionjoints;crackcontrol;environ-mentalstructrure;sfiberreinforcedplastic(FRP)sheets;flexablemem-braneliners;geotextile;hazardousmaterialcontainmentt;joints;jointsealants;leakdetectionsystem;liners;liquidtightnes;monolithicplacement;pipepenetrations;precastconcrete;prestressing;primarycon-tainment;secondarycontainment;;starterwall;sump;tank;water-cementitiousmaterialsratio;waterstops.CONTENTSChapter1—General,p.350.2R-21.1—Scope1.2—Definitions1.3—TypesofmaterialsChapter2—Concretedesignandproportioning,p350.2R-32.1—General2.2—Design2.3—Concretecover2.4—Exposure2.5—Concretemixtureproportions2.6—FiberreinforcedconcreteConcreteStructuresforContainmentofHazardousMaterialsReportedbyACICommittee350ACI350.2R-97JohnB.ArdahlChairmanJamesP.Archibald*SecretaryA.RayFrankson*SubcommitteeChairmanStevenR.CloseSubcommitteeSecretaryWalterN.BennettAnandB.GogateWilliamJ.IrwinNicholasA.Legatos*SatishK.SachdevPatrickJ.CreeganCharlesS.HanskatDovKaminetkyLarryG.MrazekWilliamC.SchnobrichAshokK.DhingraWilliamJ.HendricksonRezaKianoushAndrewR.PhilipJohnF.SeidenstickerDonaldL.DubeJerryA.HollandDavidG.KittridgeDavidM.RogowskySudhakarP.VermaAnthonyL.FelderDavidA.KleveterRogerH.WoodConsultingandAssociatememberscontributingtothereport:JohnA.AubeJohnW.Baker*RobertE.DoyleDennisKohlWilliamH.Backous*DavidCrockerFrankKleinGlennE.Noble*MembersofACI350HazardousMaterialsSubcommitteewhopreparedthisreport350.2R-2ACICOMMITTEEREPORTChapter3—Waterstops,sealantsandjoints,p.350.2R-63.1—Waterstops3.2—Jointsealants3.3—JointsChapter4—Constructionconsiderations,p.350.2R-84.1—Sumpconstructiontechniques4.2—Curingandprotection4.3—InspectionChapter5—Linersandcoatings,p.350.2R-115.1—Liners5.2—Linermaterials5.3—Coatings5.4—Designandinstallationconsiderationsforlinersandcoatings5.5—InspectionandtestingoflinersandcoatingsChapter6—Secondarycontainment,p.350.2R-136.1—General6.2—Secondarycontainmentsystemfeatures6.3—SecondarycontainmentmaterialsChapter7---—Leakdetectionsystems,350.2R-147.1—General7.2—Drainagemediamaterials7.3—DesignandinstallationofdrainagemediaChapter8—References,p.350.2R-158.1—Recommendedreferences8.2—CitedreferencesCHAPTER1—GENERAL1.1—ScopeThisreportisprimarilyintendedforuseinthedesignandconstructionofhazardousmaterialcontainmentstructures.Hazardousmaterialcontainmentstructuresrequiresecond-arycontainmentand,sometimes,leakdetectionsystems(seeSection1.2fordefinitions).Becauseoftheeconomicanden-vironmentalimpactofevensmallamountsofleakageofhaz-ardousmaterials,bothprimaryandsecondarycontainmentsystemsmustbevirtuallyleakfree.Therefore,whenprimaryorsecondarycontainmentstructuresinvolveconcrete,spe-cialdesignandconstructiontechniquesarerequired.Thisre-portisintendedtosupplementandenhancetherecommendationsofACI350R,“EnvironmentalEngineer-ingConcreteStructures.”Asitsays,thatreportisintendedfor“structurescommonlyusedinwatercontainment,indus-trialanddomesticwater,andwastewatertreatmentworks.”TheACI350reportdoesnotgiveguidelinesfordoublecon-tainmentsystemsorleakdetectionsystems.Thisreportisnotforstructurescontainingradioactivematerials.Usingtheinformationinthisreportdoesnotensurecom-pliancewithapplicableregulations.Therecommendationsinthisreportwerebasedonthebesttechnicalknowledgeavail-ableatthetimetheywerewritten.However,theymaybesupplementedorsupersededbyapplicablelocal,stateandnationalregulations.Itis,therefore,importanttoresearchsuchregulationsthor