河北省2019年中考英语题型专项复习 题型四 阅读理解课件

河北题型四阅读理解一、阅读理解“三步定位法”第一步看题干，定位题干关键词。先看问题，找出题干中的关键词，猜测文章大意。第二步读文章，一次定位找原文。带着关键词快速通读全文，画出与题干内容相关的词汇和句子，并在脑海中形成篇章结构图。第三步回看题，连线解读定答案。细读题干、选项，针对已画出的原文内容进行二次定位，精准连线，锁定答案。二、具体解题技巧1．细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设题，考查对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但所占比例最大，一般占总分值的60%～85%。常见的设题方式有：用what,where,which,why,who,how等疑问词进行提问；用accordingto...开头，后接短文具体内容；用动宾结构、介宾结构或系表结构等方式设题；以．..because的提问方式设题等。解答这类题要学会以下技巧：(1)如果所提问题是文章中现成的内容可直接搜寻；(2)细读文章的第一段或前几句，注意每段的开头句和结尾句；(3)重视结尾段，作者一般会在结尾段做出总结，表达自己的观点。IgrewupinNewHampshire,asmalltowninSouthCanada,whereinmyfather'swordsfortheseasonswere“Spring,Summer,FairtimeandWinter！”Atthattime,aweeklongfair(集市)washeldinthetowneveryautumn.Thousandsofpeoplefromothertownscametosellandbuythings.Itwasthebusiesttimeoftheyear.Thousandsofpeoplecametothetowntoatthefair.A．enjoyGrandma'sfoodB．sellandbuythingsC．learntocookD．haveabigparty【解析】B由本段第三句话可知，数千人来到小镇是为了在集市上买卖东西，故选B。2．推理判断题一般来说主要有：对细节的推理判断；对某个问题或某一部分的观点、态度的推理判断；对作者在整篇文章中的态度、观点和写作意图的推理判断。常见的设题方式有：(1)Thesentence/paragraph/passageinfersthat...；(2)Wecanlearnfromthesentence/paragraph/passagethat...;(3)Thesentence/paragraph/passageimpliesthat...；(4)Bysaying...,theauthormeans...;(5)Whatcanweinferfromthe...;(6)Attheendofthepassagethewritersuggests...；(7)Fromthesecondexamplewecaninferthat...；(8)Itcanbeconcluded/inferredfromthepassagethat...Oneday,alittleboydecidedtodigaholebehindhishouseafterwatchingascienceprogram.Ashewasworking,acoupleofboysstoppedbytowatch.“Whatareyoudoing？”askedoneofthevisitors.“Iwanttodigadeepholeallthewaythroughtheearth！”theboyansweredexcitedly.Theolderboysbegantolaugh,tellinghimthatitwasimpossibletodoit.Thentheyleft.·Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheolderboysthinkthelittleboyis．A．sillyB．strictC．friendlyD．strongminded【解析】A由本段倒数第二句可知，那些年龄大一些的男孩嘲笑小男孩，说他不可能完成那件事，由此可推断，他们觉得小男孩很愚蠢，故选A。3．词义猜测题该题型要求在充分理解文章的基础上，对某个单词或短语进行合理猜测。做题时可结合构词法、语法及相关知识进行猜测。Aserioussandstorm(沙尘暴)hashitBeijing,togetherwithfivetosevendegreestrongwind.AgreatyellowdustcloudenvelopedtheChinesecapitallastSunday.·Whatdoes“enveloped”meaninthispassage?A．信封B．遮盖C．刮走D．灰尘【解析】B由前面可知，沙尘暴袭击了北京，再结合语法可知envelop在此是一个动词，排除A、D两项；再结合生活常识可判断，此处envelop是表示“遮盖”之意，故选B。4．主旨大意题考查考生对短文整体的理解概括能力。常见的提问方式有：(1)Whatisthemainidea/subject/topicofthepassage？；(2)Theauthorismainlyconcernedwith...；(3)Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss？；(4)Thepassageismainlyabout...；(5)Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?解答该类题目时可注意以下几点：(1)有标题的文章，要从标题开始阅读，因为标题常是文章的主题；(2)注意段首和段尾，有些文章会在段首或段尾给出全文主旨；(3)有些文章的中心思想贯穿全文，建议最后做此类题目，因为做完其他题目后，自然就会对文章主旨有一定的把握；(4)留心关键词，抓住文章主旨，关键词即文中反复出现的、与主题有关的名词或动词。Schoolswillgoelectronic.Computerswillbeimportantandpopularamongthestudents.Everythingwillbeinthecomputerandstudentswillnotneedtobringbookstoschool.TheywillfindinformationontheInternet.Acomputerwillbethestudents'library,schoolbagandconnectiontotheoutsideworld.Therewillberobotteachers.Theywillcheckhomeworkoncomputersandcommunicatewiththestudents‘parentsthroughemail.What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A．Schoolswillgoelectronic.B．Computerswillbeimportant.C．Therewillberobotteachers.D．Teacherswillcommunicatewiththestudents'parentsthroughemail.【解析】A第一句为中心句，后面是对其扩展和论述，故选A。5．数字计算题要求学生根据提供的数据以及内在关系做出简单的计算和推断。IwonaprizeforoneofmypaintingswhenIwasfourteen.ThatmaybewhyIwenttoartschoolfouryearslater...WhenIleftschool,Igotsomemoney.Ihopetobecomeafulltimepainter.·Whenfinishingschoolstudies,thewriterwasabout.A．14B．16C．18D．21【解析】D作者14岁因为绘画获奖，18岁进入美术学校，毕业时一定在18岁以上，故选D。