2020年高中英语 Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia Section Ⅰ In

Module4SandstormsinAsia[话题导读]导语：沙尘暴和雾霾天气强强联手，使得众多北方城市的空气质量雪上加霜。环保部门和社会公众应该反思，沙尘暴、雾霾之后，还会是什么？如何应对这个棘手的问题？SandstormsandSuperSmoginChinaForseveraldays,theofficialsofStatenewsagencyXinhuasaidthepollutioninChinawasveryserious.Beijing'senvironmentagencyblamedlargeamountsofdustblowinginfromInnerMongolia.“Wehopethateveryonestaysindoorsasmuchaspossibleandpeopleshouldcarryoutsomemeasuresforprotection，”theagencysaid.XinhuasaysthatPM2.5inBeijinghasreachedmorethan400microgrammespercubicmetre(微克/立方米),whichisconsidered“dangerous”．AccordingtoWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),airisunhealthyabove100microgrammespercubicmetreandat300,allchildrenandelderlypeopleshouldremainindoors.Oncegettingintopeople'sbody,thetinyparticlescandoharmtopeople'srespiratorysystem(呼吸系统),evenleadingtolungcancerandheartdisease.“Smoghadalreadybeenforecastbutnowthere'sasandstormmixedtogether!SoIcan'topenmyeyesormouth，”BeijingresidentHuJingcomplained.“IwasshockedthismorningwhenIawoketoseetheyellowsky.Theskywithsandstormsandsmogisjustadisasterforus，”addedZhangXiang.NorthernChinasuffersyear­roundairpollutionbecausefactoriesemit(释放)wastegas.Ingeneral,theairpollutionisatitsworstinwinter,whenmorecoalisburnedtoheathomesandbuildings.SomemajorcitiesinChinahavesomeoftheworld'sworstsmog.ThehighrecordlevelsofairpollutionforcedpeopleinBeijingtostayindoorsasmuchaspossibleforweekslastwinter.TheChinesegovernment,whichignoredtheproblembefore,isnowtakingmeasurestosolvetheproblem.LastSeptember,theChinesegovernmentannouncedaplanthataimstoreducethecountry'sheavyreliance(依靠)oncoal.Afterthat,Beijingalsoannouncedasetofemergencymeasuresforbadpollutiondays.SolvingthepollutionproblemwillbecostlyfortheChinesegovernment.Officialssaythecountrywillneedtospendnearly$817billiontofightagainstpollution.Butthecostofignoringitcouldbemore.SectionⅠIntroduction&ReadingandVocabulary—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]Sandstorms①inAsiaSandstormshavebeenamajor②disasterformanyAsiancountriesforcenturies.Scientistshavetriedmanywaystosolvethisproblem③andinChina，amass④campaign⑤hasbeenstartedtohelpsolveit.Sandstormsarestrong，drywindsthatcarrysand⑥.Theyareoftensothickthatyoucannotseethesun⑦，andthewindissometimesstrongenough⑧tomovesanddunes⑨.Thefourmainplacesintheworldwheretherearesandstorms⑩areCentralAsia，NorthAmerica，CentralAfricaandAustralia.RenJianbo，fromInnerMongoliadescribedaterriblesandstormheexperienced⑪asachild⑫inthedesert.“Tohavebeencaughtin⑬asandstorm⑭wasaterribleexperience，”hesaid.“Therewasnothingtobedone⑮.ItwasthemostfrighteningandthemostdangeroussituationI'veeverbeenin⑯.Youjusthadtohopeyou'dsurvive⑰.IthoughtIwasgoingtodisappearunderthesand.”NorthwestChinaispartofthesandstormcentreinCentralAsia.Sandstormsbeginindesertareas.SandstormsinChinaappear⑱tohaveincreasedinrecentyearsasaresultof“desertification⑲”．Thisisaprocess⑳thathappenswhenlandbecomesdesertbecauseofclimatechangesandbecausepeoplecutdown○21treesanddigup○22grass.SandstormssometimesaffectBeijing.Citizens○23wakeupto○24anorangeskyandstrongwindsthatcoverthecityinathick，brown­yellowdust○25.Thestormssometimescontinuealldayandtrafficmovesveryslowlybecausethethickdustmakesitdifficulttosee○26.TheChineseCentralWeatherStationcanforecast○27asandstormsomeweeksbeforeitarrivesinBeijing，butthestrength○28ofthestormsometimessurprisespeople.Whenasandstormarrivesinthecity，weatherexpertsadvisepeoplenottogoout○29.HuangXiaomei，wholivesinBeijing○30says，“Tobecycling○31inasandstorm○32isfrightening.Thewindsareverystrong.It'sdifficulttobreathe○33andthedustmakesmeill.Soifyouwanttogoout，you'dbetter○34wearamask○35.”Thedesertisonly250kilometresawaytothewestofBeijing.Topreventitcomingnearer○36，thegovernmentisplantingtrees.Alreadythegovernmenthasplantedmorethan30billiontreesandplanstocontinueplanting○37forthenextfiveyears.[再记住]②major['meIdʒə]adj.主要的；多数的③动词不定式短语tosolvethisproblem作状语，表示目的。④mass[mæs]adj.大量的；大规模的⑤campaign[kæm'peIn]n.战役；活动⑥thatcarrysand是定语从句，修饰winds，that在从句中作主语。⑦so...that...“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。⑧enoughadv.足够；充分enough作副词时，放在被修饰的形容词或动词的后面。⑩wheretherearesandstorms是定语从句，修饰Thefourmainplaces，where在从句中作地点状语。⑪heexperienced是定语从句，修饰sandstorm，从句中省略了作宾语的关系代词which或that。⑫asprep.作为，此处表示在某一年龄段时。⑬becaughtin突然遭遇(风暴等)⑭动词不定式的完成式作主语。⑮Therewasnothingtobedone一点儿办法也没有/什么也干不了⑯I'veeverbeenin是定语从句，修饰situation。引导词that或which作介词in的宾语，所以省略了。⑰survivev．幸存；活命⑱appearlink­v.看上去；似乎此处运用了appeartodo的完成式，表示动作的完成。(土地的)沙漠化⑳process['prəʊses]n.进程；过程intheprocessof(doing)sth.在(做)某事的过程中○21cutdown砍倒○22digup掘出；挖到○23citizen['sItIzn]n.公民；市民○24wakeupto意识到；认识到○25dust[dʌst]n.沙尘；灰尘定语从句thatcoverthecity...修饰winds，that在从句中作主语。○26makesitdifficulttosee中，it是形式宾语。此处是“make＋形式宾语＋宾补＋真正的宾语”句式。其过去式、过去分词为forecast，forecast或forecasted，forecasted。○28strength[streŋθ]n.力量；力气○29advisesb.(not)todosth.建议某人(不)做某事○30wholivesinBeijing是定语从句，修饰HuangXiaomei。○31cycle['saIkl]vi.骑自行车○32动词不定式的进行式Tobecyclinginasandstorm作主语，此时谓语动词用单数形式。○33breathev．呼吸breathn．呼吸○34hadbetter最好hadbetter后接不带to的动词不定式。○36Topreventitcomingnearer作目的状语。其中运用了preventsb./sth.(from)doingsth.结构，表示“阻止某人/某物做某事”，from可以省略。○37continuedoingsth.与continuetodosth.用法基本相同，表示“继续做某事”。[再翻译]