2020版高中英语 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the star

第一步：热身——发散思维，了解星系科学、生命的起源、太空旅行和地球引力Lookatthepicturesbelowandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Areyouinterestedinastronomy？Whatcanyouseeinthefollowingpictures?答案：A.TheSolarSystemB．TheMilkyWayC．TheBlackHole2．Eachreligionandculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth.Whatdoyouknowabouttheoriginoflifeonearth?(1)InChineseculture，,madehumanbeings.(2)Inwesterncountries，,createdtheworld,andalllivingthings.答案：(1)Nüwa(2)God第二步：速读——了解教材课文(P25～26)主题和段落大意Skimthetextandanswerthefollowingquestions.1．Matchthemainideaofeachparagraph.Para.1____A．Theformationoftheearth.Para.2____B．Awidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverse.Para.3____C．Thedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearth.Para.4____D．Thearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth.Para.5____E．Theimportanceofwaterforlife.BAECD2．Whatdoesthepassagetellus?A．Theimportanceofwater.B．Howthelifebeganontheearth.C．Howhumanbeingsappeared.D．Howplantsappeared.答案：B第三步：细读——把握教材课文(P25～26)关键信息Readthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．Whywaslifeabletodevelopontheearthbutnotonotherplanets?A．Theearthhadasolidshape.B．Theearthdidnothaveharmfulgasesinitsatmosphere.C．Thewaterstayedontheearthbutnotonotherplanets.D．Theearthwasneithertoohotnortoocold.答案：C2．Whywasitnecessaryforplantstogrowbeforeanimals?A．Animalsneededplantstoprotectthemfromthesun.B．Plantsprovidedoxygenforanimalstobreathe.C．Animalscouldhidefromhuntersintheforest.D．Itwaseasierforplantstogrow.答案：B3．Whydiddinosaursdisappear65millionyearsago?A．Becausetheearthwastoohotforthemtoliveon.B．Becausetherewasnofoodforthemtoeat.C．Becausetheearthexplodedatthattime.D．Itstillremainsamysteryforus.答案：D4．Whatproblemiscausedbyhumanbeings?A．Theyexisteverywhereontheearth.B．Theycauseglobalwarming.C．Theyfindnewmethodsofgrowingcrops.D．Theyenjoyhuntingandfishing.答案：B【难句透析·素养提能】Analyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections.[句式分析]本句是一个复合句。accordingto...作状语，主语是theuniverse,began是谓语。“BigBang”是先行词，在从句中作主语，that引导的句子是定语从句。[尝试翻译]然而，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。2．Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.[句式分析]本句是一个复合句。Whatmanyscientistsbelieve是主语从句，is是系动词，that引导的是表语从句。[尝试翻译]很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。3．Theymultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen,whichencouragedthelaterdevelopmentofearlyshellfishandallsortsoffish.[句式分析]本句是一个复合句。Theymultiplied...withoxygen是主句，which引导的是非限制性定语从句，which代指前面整句话。[尝试翻译]它们迅速增加并使得海洋充满了氧气，这促进了后来早期的贝类及各种鱼类的发展。4．Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.[句式分析]本句是一个复合句。whetherlife...tocome是主语从句，willdependon是句子的谓语，介词on后是whether引导的宾语从句。[尝试翻译]所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。[词语积累]①accordingto根据。to为介词，后可跟名词、代词等。accordingto后不接view(看法)和opinion(意见)之类的词。如果要表达类似的意思，可用inone'sview,inone'sopinion等。②acceptedadj.普遍接受的③theory/'θɪərɪ/n.学说；理论intheory在理论上④beginwith从……开始，以……为起点⑤inalldirections(＝ineverydirection)朝四面八方fromalldirections＝fromeverydirection从四面八方来⑥atom/'ætəm/n.原子⑦billion/'bɪlɪən/pron.&n．&adj.十亿⑧globe/ɡləʊb/n.球体；地球仪；地球global/'ɡləʊbl/adj.全球性的；全世界的⑨violent/'vaɪələnt/adj.猛烈的，激烈的；强暴的⑩explode/ɪk'spləʊd/v.(使)爆炸⑪intime终于；及时；迟早⑫carbondioxide二氧化碳carbon/'kɑːbən/n.碳dioxide/daɪ'ɒksaɪd/n.二氧化物⑬nitrogen/'naɪtrədʒən/n.氮⑭vapour/'veɪpə/n.蒸气；水蒸气⑮atmosphere/'ætməsfɪə/n.大气层；气氛⑯cooldown变凉，冷却下来⑰unlike/ʌn'laɪk/prep.与……不同；不像反义词：likeprep.相似，像⑱fundamental/ˌfʌndə'mentl/adj.基本的；基础的befundamentalto是……的基础⑲continuedadj.连续不断的，继续不变的⑳presence/'prezns/n.存在；出席，到场○21dissolve/dɪ'zɒlv/vt.&vi.溶解；解散○22harmful/'hɑːmfl/adj.有害的beharmfulto对……有害(＝doharmto)○23acid/'æsɪd/n.酸○24achainreaction连锁反应chain/tʃeɪn/n.连锁；链子；锁链reaction/rɪ'ækʃn/n.反应；回应○25multiply/'mʌltɪplaɪ/vi.&vt.增加；乘○26oxygen/'ɒksɪdʒən/n.氧○27encouragevt.促进，助长，刺激；鼓励，激励○28shellfish/'ʃelfɪʃ/n.水生有壳动物○29amphibian/æm'fɪbɪən/n.两栖动物○30reptile/'reptaɪl/n.爬行动物；爬虫○31layeggs下蛋○32dinosaur/'daɪnəsɔː/n.恐龙○33exist/ɪɡ'zɪst/vi.存在；生存existence/ɪɡ'zɪstəns/n.存在○34agen．时代○35mammal/'mæml/n.哺乳动物○36givebirthto产生；分娩○37thus/ðʌs/adv.因此；于是○38inone'sturn轮到某人○39prevent...from阻止；制止○40asaresultof由于，因为○41dependon取决于【核心素养链接·文化采风】BigBang宇宙大爆炸。宇宙大爆炸理论是现代宇宙学中最有影响的一种学说。它的主要观点是认为宇宙曾有一段从热到冷的演化史。在这个时期里，宇宙体系在不断地膨胀，使物质密度从密到稀地演化，如同一次规模巨大的爆炸。该理论的创始人之一是伽莫夫。他认为：我们所观测到的宇宙始于150亿年前的一次大爆炸。爆炸之初，物质只能以中子、质子、电子、光子和中微子等基本粒子形态存在。宇宙爆炸之后的不断膨胀，导致温度和密度很快下降。随着温度降低、冷却，逐步形成原子、原子核、分子，并复合成为通常的气体。气体逐渐凝聚成星云，星云进一步形成各种各样的恒星和星系，最终形成我们如今所看到的宇宙。HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTHNooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.【1】However,accordingto①awidelyaccepted②theory③，theuniversebeganwith④a“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections⑤【2】.Afterthat,atoms⑥begantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandotherbodies.【1】在本句中，howtheearthbegan是由how引导的宾语从句，作knows的宾语；asithappenedsolongago是由as引导的原因状语从句。【2】thatthrewmatter...directions是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a“BigBang”。Forseveralbillion⑦yearsafterthe“BigBang”，theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe⑧.【3】Theearthbecamesoviolent⑨thatitwa