2020版高中英语 Unit 2 English around the world Section

Unit2Englisharoundtheworld[话题导读]英语是世界上使用最广泛的语言之一，各个地方所讲的英语有所差异。你知道英式英语和美式英语的区别吗？DifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharealmostexactlythesame.ButthereareminordifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishinvocabulary,pronunciationandspelling.ThefirstdifferencebetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishisinvocabulary.AlmostallofthewordsusedinBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishareexactlythesame.Onlyaverysmallnumberofwordsareuseddifferently.Forexample,Americanswouldsay“apartment”，buttheBritishwouldsay“flat”totalkabouttheplacewheretheylive.Inadditiontosomecommonwords，manyidiomaticexpressionsaredifferent.InEnglandpeoplemightsay，“I'llringyouuptonight”，butintheUS,peoplemightsay，“I'llcallyouuptonight.”TheseconddifferencebetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishisinpronunciation.Themaindifferenceinpronunciationconcernsthevowels(元音)．SomeAmericandialectsandsomeBritishdialectsusevowelsindifferentways.Sometimes，AmericansandtheBritishdon'tunderstandeachother'spronunciation.Butmostofthetime,theBritishandAmericansdounderstandeachother'spronunciationbecausemostofthesoundsofthetwodialectsarethesame.Thethirddifferenceisverysmall.Thisisthedifferenceinspelling.AfewkindsofwordsarespelleddifferentlyinBritishandAmericanEnglish.Themostcommonexampleisinawordlike“center”．InBritishEnglish,thiswordwouldbespelledC­E­N­T­R­E,whileinAmericanEnglishthesamewordwouldbespelledC­E­N­T­E­R.Anotherexampleis“­or”vs“­our”．Theword“color”isspelledC­O­L­O­U­RinBritainbutC­O­L­O­RintheUS.SectionⅠWarmingUp&Pre-reading&Reading—Comprehending练读文记词汇学翻译1教材助读[先读通]THEROADTOMODERNENGLISHAttheendof①the16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.Nearly②allofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyages③toconquer④otherpartsoftheworldandbecauseof⑤that,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.Native⑥Englishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish⑦.Lookatthisexample：BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat？AmericanAmy:Yes.I'dliketo⑧comeup⑨toyourapartment⑩.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime⑪？Actually⑫alllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewith⑬eachother⑭.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150⑮wasverydifferentfrom⑯theEnglishspokentoday.Itwasbased⑰moreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent⑱.Thengradually⑲betweenaboutAD800and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruled⑳EnglandspokefirstDanish○21andlaterFrench.Thesenewsettlersenriched○22theEnglishlanguageandespecially○23itsvocabulary○24.Sobythe1600'sShakespearewasabletomakeuseof○25awidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled○26.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspelling○27happened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage.Thelatter○28gaveaseparateidentity○29toAmericanEnglishspelling.EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,Indiahasaverylargenumberoffluent○30EnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingapore○31andMalaysia○32andcountriesinAfricasuchas○33SouthAfrica.Todaythenumberof○34peoplelearningEnglishinChina○35isincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Onlytimewilltell.[再记住]①attheendof在……尽头；在……结束时②nearlyadv.几乎；接近；差不多③voyage['vɔΙΙdʒ]n．航行；航海makeavoyage/voyagesto航海/航行去……④conquer['kɒŋkə]vt.征服；占领⑤becauseof因为；由于⑥native['neΙtΙv]adj.本国的；本地的n.本地人；本国人benativeto原产于(＝behometo)⑦evenif＝eventhough“即使”，引导让步状语从句。⑧wouldliketodosth.想要做某事⑨comeup走近；上来；被提出⑩apartment[ə'pɑtmənt]n．〈美〉公寓住宅；单元住宅flat〈英〉公寓套房⑪overtime＝astimegoesby随着时间的推移⑫actually['æktʃʊəlΙ]adv.实际上；事实上infact事实上；实际上⑬communicatewithsb.与某人交流⑭when引导时间状语从句，从句中and连接两个并列的谓语动词meet和communicate。⑮过去分词短语spoken...作后置定语，修饰theEnglish。⑯bedifferentfrom与……不同⑰base[beΙs]vt.以……为根据n.基部；基地；基础bebasedon以……为基础⑱wespeakatpresent为定语从句，修饰先行词theEnglish，从句中省略了关系代词that/which。atpresent现在；目前⑲gradually['grædʒʊəlΙ]adv.逐渐地；逐步地gradual['grædʒʊəl]adj.逐渐的；逐步的⑳rulevt.统治n.规则○21Danish['deΙnΙʃ]n．丹麦语adj.丹麦的；丹麦人的；丹麦语的○22enrich[Ιn'rΙtʃ]vt.使富裕；充实；改善en­是一个常见的构成及物动词的前缀。如：enlarge使扩大。○23especiallyadv.尤其；特别○24vocabulary[və'kæbjʊlərΙ]n．词汇；词汇量；词表○25makeuseof利用；使用○26settlev．确定；解决；定居○27spelling['spelΙŋ]n．拼写；拼法○28latter['lætə]adj.较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的theformer...thelatter...前者……后者……○29identity[aΙ'dentətΙ]n．本身；本体；身份；特征identitycard身份证○30fluent['fluːənt]adj.流利的；流畅的befluentin在……方面流利的○31Singapore['sΙŋə'pɔː]n．新加坡(东南亚国家)○32Malaysia[mə'leΙzΙə]n．马来西亚(东南亚国家)；马来群岛○33suchas例如……；像这种的○34thenumberof...……的数量/数目形状相同“thenumberof＋复数名词”作主语时，句子的谓语动词用单数。anumberof许多；大量，“anumberof＋复数名词”作主语时，句子的谓语动词用复数。○35learningEnglishinChina为现在分词作后置定语，修饰people。[再翻译]通向现代英语之路16世纪末，大约有500万到700万人说英语。这些人几乎都生活在英国。后来，在17世纪，英国人开始出海远航以征服世界其他地区。于是，许多别的国家开始说英语。如今，说英语的人比以往任何时候都多，有