2020版高中英语 Unit 1 Friendship Section Ⅳ Grammar & Wr

Unit1FriendshipSectionⅣGrammar&Writing直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)第一板块单元语法直接引语变间接引语1．“Idon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary，”saidAnne.→2．“Doesafriendalwayshavetobeaperson？”thewriterasksus.→.Annesaidthatshedidn'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary.Thewriterasksusifafriendalwayshastobeaperson.3．“Whatdoyoucallyourdiary？”Anne'ssisteraskedher.→.4．“Whydidyougotobedsolatelastnight？”FatheraskedAnne.→.Anne'ssisteraskedherwhatshecalledherdiary.FatheraskedAnnewhyshehadgonetobedsolatethenightbefore.5．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Waterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.”→6．“WhatdidEdisondotohelpthedoctoroperateonhismother？”theteacheraskedus.→Theteachertoldthestudentsthatwaterfreezeswhenthetemperaturefallsbelow0℃.TheteacheraskeduswhatEdisonhaddonetohelpthedoctoroperateonhismother.直接引语是一字不改地将别人的话放在引号内。间接引语是用自己的话对别人的话进行转述，不用引号。一、人称变化的三原则1．“第一人称随主”原则如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。Marysaid,“Iwanttohaveacomputerofmyown.”玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语内为第一人称)→Marysaidthatshewantedtohaveacomputerofherown.玛丽说，她想拥有一台自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称)2．“第二人称随宾”原则如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。Hercolleaguesaidtoher，“Whodidyouaskforaleave？”她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称)→Hercolleagueaskedherwhoshehadaskedforaleave.她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中随宾语改为第三人称)3．“第三人称不更新”原则指直接引语变间接引语时，直接引语中出现的第三人称的代词一般不需要变化。Mr.Lisaid,“Jackisagoodworker.”李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人”。(直接引语为第三人称)→Mr.LisaidJackwasagoodworker.李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(改为间接引语后人称不变)[即时演练1]——将下列句子改为间接引语①Hesaid,“Iamproudofmymotherland.”→Hesaidthatwasproudofhismotherland.②“Youarewastingyourtimeday­dreaming！”hesaidtoMary.→HetoldMarythatwaswastinghertimeday­dreaming.③Mr.Smithsaid,“Hisvoiceiswonderful.”→Mr.Smithsaidvoiceiswonderful.heshehis二、时态的变化直接引语变间接引语时动词变化如表：句子时态直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变一般将来时过去将来时Hisfriendsaidtohim,“Weareplanningtohaveapicnic.”他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时)→Hisfriendtoldhimthattheywereplanningtohaveapicnic.他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时)Theorganizersaid,“Wehavebegunourplan.”组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时)→Theorganizersaidthattheyhadbeguntheirplan.组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时)[名师指津]直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况：(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言；(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。Myteachersaidtousyesterday，“Earlybirdscatchworms.”昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语)→Myteachertoldusyesterdaythatearlybirdscatchworms.昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(变成间接引语时态不变)[即时演练2]——将下列句子改为间接引语①Isaid,“Iwillgivehersomeadvicetomorrow.”→IsaidthatIhersomeadvicethenextday.②“Youhavealreadydoneyourduty，”hesaidtoher.→Hetoldherthatshealreadydoneherduty.③Hesaid,“Iamlivingwithmyoldbrother.”→Hesaidthathewithhisoldbrother.wouldgivehadwasliving④“Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound，”hesaid.→Hesaidthatlightmuchfasterthansound.⑤MyfriendLindasaidtome,“Isawthefilmthreedaysago.”→MyfriendLindatoldmethatshethefilmthreedaysbefore.travelshadseen三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化引语用词直接引语间接引语指示代词this这个that那个these这些those那些时间状语now现在then那时today今天thatday那天thismorning今天上午thatmorning那天上午tonight今天晚上thatnight那天晚上tomorrow明天thenext/followingday第二天时间状语yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天lastnight昨天晚上thenightbefore前一天晚上thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore两天前threedaysago三天前threedaysbefore三天前nextweek下一周thenext/followingweek第二周ago(至今)以前before(那时)以前地点状语here这儿there那儿方向性动词bring带来take带走come来go去Sheasked,“Isthisbookhis？”她问：“这本书是他的吗？”(直接引语中用this)→Sheaskedwhetherthatbookwashis.她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为that)“I'llbeverybusytoday，”saidtheman.那个人说：“我今天会很忙。”(直接引语中用today)→Themansaidhewouldbeverybusythatday.那个人说，那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为thatday)[即时演练3]——将下列句子改为间接引语①Theysaid,“Wearrivedthismorning.”→Theysaidthattheyhadarrived.②Johnsaid,“Iwrotebacktellinghimaboutityesterday.”→Johnsaidthathehadwrittenbacktellinghimaboutit.thatmorningthedaybefore③Hesaid,“It'steno'clocknow.”→Hesaidthatitwasteno'clock.④Shesaid,“I'lldoittonight.”→Shesaidthatshewoulddoit.⑤Hesaid,“Ibroughtithomewithme.”→Hesaidthathehadithomewithhim.thenthatnighttaken四、连接词的选择1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。Hesaid，“Iwascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.”→Hesaid(that)hewascookingwhentheearthquakehappened.[名师指津]直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“saidtosb.”常改为“toldsb.”。Shesaidtome,“Icamebackanhourago.”→Shetoldme(that)shehadcomebackanhourbefore.2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or...或．..ornot)或if引导。Hesaid,“AreyouinterestedinEnglish？”→Heasked(me)if/whetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.[名师指津]如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。“What'syourname？”heaskedme.→Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.[名师指津]疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。[即时演练4]——将下列句子改为间接引语①“Whereareyougoing？”thefatheraskedhisson.→Thefatheraskedhissonhewasgoing.②Mothersaidtoherdaughter,“Areyousatisfiedwithyournewroom？”→Motheraskedherdaughtershewassatisfiedwithhernewroom.wherewhether/ifⅠ.单句语法填空1．Ourteachersaidthattheearth(go)aroundthesun.2．Johnsaid，“I'lltry(me)besttohelpyou.”3．SheaskedmeIwantedtogohomeorstaythere.4．Theyoungmantoldmethathe(employ)bythecompanyin1998.5．“areyoufrom？”thebossaskedme.goesmywhetherwasemployedWhere6．Myfathertoldmethathe(go)toBeijingforameetingthenextday.7．BobaskedmewhetherI(see)thefilmthenightbefore.8．CanyoutellmeIcansetdownwhattheteacherteachesinclass?w