2020版高考英语一轮总复习 3-4 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of

第一部分回归教材必修3Unit1～Unit5Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars考点突破02基础自测01随堂演练03基础自测01重温教材稳固基础Ⅰ.单词回顾(一)拓展单词1．religionn.宗教；宗教信仰→adj.宗教的2．globen.球体；地球仪；地球→adj.全球性的；全世界的3．violentadj.猛烈的→n.暴力→adv.猛烈地4．unlikeprep.与……不同；不像→(反义词)prep.像→v．&n.不喜欢5．existvi.存在；生存→n.存在religiousglobalviolenceviolentlylikedislikeexistence6．puzzlevt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难n.谜；难题→adj.迷惑不解的7．gentleadj.温和的→adv.温和地8．biologyn.生物学→n.生物学家9．adj.有害的→harmn.害处vt.对……有害puzzledgentlybiologistharmful(二)重点单词1．thusadv.2．climaten．3．atmospheren．4．theoryn．5．astronomyn．6．systemn．7．floatvi.&vt.n．8．oxygenn．9．fundamentaladj.因此；于是气候大气层；气氛学说；理论天文学系统；体系；制度(使)浮动；(使)漂浮漂浮物氧基本的；基础的10．chainn．11．multiplyvt.&vi.12．gravityn．13．satelliten．14．physicistn．15．crashvi.&vt.16．spaceshipn．17．pulln.&vt.链子；连锁；锁链乘；增加万有引力；重力卫星；人造卫星物理学家碰撞；坠落宇宙飞船拉(力)；拖；牵引力【联想】1．形容词＋un­前缀变否定词①like→不像的②able→不能……的③lucky→不幸的④believable→不可相信的⑤certain→不确定的⑥clear→不清楚的unlikeunableunluckyunbelievableuncertainunclear⑦comfortable→不舒服的⑧fair→不公平的⑨happy→不快乐的⑩usual→不寻常的⑪willing→不情愿的uncomfortableunfairunhappyunusualunwilling2．后缀­ist名词荟萃①生物学家②旅游者；游客③物理学家④科学家⑤心理学家biologisttouristphysicistscientistpsychologist3．“太空”单词集锦①n．天文学家②n．天文学③n．宇航员④n．卫星⑤n．大气层⑥n．宇宙⑦n．万有引力⑧n．行星⑨n．宇宙飞船astronomerastronomyastronautsatelliteatmosphereuniversegravityplanetspaceshipⅡ.短语回顾1．及时；终于2．下蛋3．产生；分娩4．轮到某人；接着5．阻止；制止6．感到高兴；感到振奋intimelayeggsgivebirthtoinone'sturnprevent...fromcheerup7．依靠；取决于8．突发；爆发9．密切注视；当心；提防10．挡住(光线)11．熟悉；掌握；理解dependonbreakoutwatchoutforblockoutgetthehangof【联想】1．“动词＋from”短语一览①...from阻止；制止②...from把……和……分离开③from与……不同④from受……苦⑤from收到……的来信keep/stop/preventseparatediffersufferhear2．表达“小心；当心”的高频短语荟萃①watch(for)小心；当心②look当心③take小心④be小心outoutcarecareful3．“动词＋out”短语荟萃①out挡住(光线)②out突发；爆发③out查出；弄明白④out当心；提防⑤out扑灭⑥out用完⑦out泄露；发出(声音)⑧out灭绝blockbreakfindlook/watchputrunletdieⅢ.佳句必背1．so...that句型Theearthbecameitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球变得如此激烈动荡以至于不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。2．makeitpossibletodosth.结构Thisproducedachainreaction,which.这就形成了一个连锁反应，使生命发展成为可能。soviolentthatmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop3．倍数表达法ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedontheearthandfellover.而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被送出很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，然后我摔倒了。4．nowthat引导原因状语从句Walkingdoesneedabitofpracticegravityhaschanged.既然重力改变了，行走的确需要一些练习。twiceasfarasnowthatⅣ.课文回顾Theearthwasjust__1__cloudofdustafterthe“BigBang”.Theearthexploded__2__(loud)withfireandrock.Theywereintimetoproducemanythings,whichwere__3__(make)theearth'satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.Itallowedtheearthtodissolve__4__(harm)gases.Thenlifebegantodevelop.Smallplantsmultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseaswithoxygen.Thisencouragedthe__5__(develop)ofearlyshellfishandfish.Landanimalssuchasinsects,reptilesanddinosaurs__6__(appear)aftergreenplantsappeared.Smallcleveranimalsspreadall__7__theearth.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,__8__preventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.__9__lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcan__10__(solve)．1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.aloudlytomakeharmfuldevelopmentappearedoverwhichWhetherbesolvedⅤ.单元语法主语从句1．Lifeislikeatale.mattersisnothowlongitis,buthowgooditis.2．Itisnotimmediatelyclearthehousingpricewillgodown.3．ExactlythepotatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.4．Itwasneverclearthemanhadn'treportedtheaccidentsooner.5．hashelpedtosavethedrowningoldmanisworthpraising.WhatwhetherwhenwhyWhoever考点突破02核心考点各个击破核心单词重难突破1．atmospheren．大气层；气氛Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth'satmosphere.它们(烈火和岩石)最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。inafriendlyatmosphere在友好的气氛中thepollutedatmosphere被污染的空气[练习](1)单句语法填空①Creatinganatmosphereemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.②Thetalksproceededafriendlyatmosphere.(2)完成句子Theconversationwascarriedoninacordialand.这次会谈是在一种亲切友好的气氛中进行的。whereinfriendlyatmosphere2．unlikeprep.与……不同；不像WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.水在其他行星上也出现过，例如火星，但是不像在地球上一样，后来它就消失了。(1)It'slike/unlikesb.todosth.做某事实在像/不像某人(2)likeprep.像；类似(反义词)v．喜欢somethinglike几分像……；大约(3)dislikevt.&n．不喜欢；讨厌[练习]单句语法填空Daydreamsareoftenverysimpleanddirect,quite(like)sleepdreams,whichmaybehardtounderstand.unlike3．fundamentaladj.根本的；基本的；基础的；必不可少的Someexpertsthinkreadingisafundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.有些专家认为阅读是一种学校教育所依赖的基本技能。befundamentalto...是……的基础[练习]单句语法填空Asweknow,hardworkisfundamentalsuccess.to4．harmfuladj.有害的Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(1)beharmfulto对……有害harmlessadj.无害的(2)cause/doharmto...对……造成伤害/有害meannoharm无恶意thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事没有害处[练习]单句语法填空①Themedicineis(harm)tochildrenbutdoesnoharmadults.②Theymaynotbeabletohelpbutisnoharminaskingthem.③Apparently,youwerecrackinga(harm)joke,butshewasterriblyscared.harmfultothereharmless5．layv.放置；搁；下(蛋)；产(卵)Layasheetofnewspaperonthefloor.在地上铺一张报纸。layaside把……搁置一旁laydown把……放下；制定layoff(因没有工作而)解雇；停止做layout摆出；铺开；布置；设计[点拨]注意下列词形变化：lay—laid—laid—laying放置；产卵lie—l