2020版高考英语二轮复习 专题四 语法填空 基础语法专题（一）名词课件 新人教版

特色编排经过第一轮的复习和提高，考生已比较扎实地掌握了基础语法知识。因为二轮复习是建立在一轮复习基础上的专项强化和能力提升，因此针对二轮复习的自身特色，本书在编写语法知识这一板块时采用“基础语法少讲精练，重难语法精讲多练”这一原则，使考生在二轮“时间短、任务重”这一形势下，把握好复习的重心所在。基础语法专题(一)名词1．名词的复数形式①(2019·北京高考)Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytogetinvolvedinvarious(activity)onEarthDay.②(2018·11月浙江高考)Onestudyshowedthat(woman)whodrankalotofcoffee,likeeightormorecupsperday,whiletheywerepregnantweremorelikelytohavechildrenwithbirthdefects.activitieswomen③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall(cause)．④(2018·6月浙江高考)MakingChinese(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.⑤(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.causesdisheseffects⑥(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)In1863thefirstundergroundpassengerrailwayintheworldopenedinLondon.Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.⑦(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Shehasturneddownseveral(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.⑧(2017·11月浙江高考)Youwouldn'tthinkthatafew(month)ofexerciseinyourteenswouldbeenoughfortherestofyourlife...crowdsinvitationsmonths⑨(2017·6月浙江高考)LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.⑩(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew(day)withhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle­fed,theotheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.⑪(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Recent(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.carrotsdaysstudies2．派生出的名词⑫(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.⑬(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Whentheywerefreefromwork,theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting(compete)towatch,togetherwiththestorybehindit.⑭(2019·6月浙江高考)OtherAmericanstudiesshowedno(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.beliefcompetitionconnection/connections⑮(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisswitchhasdecreased(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.⑯(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)MynameisMireyaMayor.I'ma(science)whostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.⑰(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe(introduce)ofelectric­poweredenginesandlifts.⑱(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop(attract)．pollutionscientistintroductionattraction⑲(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof(achieve)．⑳(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B．C.,influencedthe(develop)ofchopsticks.achievementdevelopment[考情聚焦]1.语法填空题对名词的考查主要包括名词的单复数和所有格，以及给出动词、形容词等提示词要求写出适当的名词形式。2.解答有关名词的题目时，一定要注意名词前的修饰成分，如数词、量词、常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词的词或短语等，判断其是需要可数名词单数形式、复数形式还是不可数名词；有的还要结合语境分析句子成分，判断是否需要作主语、宾语、表语或定语的名词。(一)根据修饰词确定名词的单复数形式1．不定冠词a,an后用名词单数形式。2．有these,those,some,several,many,all,both等词修饰时名词用复数形式。3．名词前有oneof,among时用名词复数形式。(二)根据谓语动词确定名词的单复数形式如果空格处作主语，且谓语动词是单数形式，则空格处应填名词单数形式；若谓语动词是复数形式，则空格处应填名词复数形式。(三)运用构词法知识，掌握派生出来的名词1．动词变名词的后缀后缀例词ion/tion/sion/-ation表示状态或行为correct→correction改正celebrate→celebration庆祝；庆祝会attract→attraction吸引graduate→graduation毕业conclude→conclusion结论；结尾discuss→discussion讨论；辩论decide→decision决定admit→admission接纳；准许入学invite→invitation邀请explain→explanation解释expect→expectation期望后缀例词er/or表示人物drive→driver司机；驾驶员gather→gatherer收集者；采集者teach→teacher老师announce→announcer广播员conduct→conductor指挥；售票员ment表示行为、结果punish→punishment惩罚achieve→achievement功绩；成就argue→argument辩论；论据treat→treatment对待；治疗equip→equipment装备；设备后缀例词ance/ence表示性质、状态或行为appear→appearance出现；外貌guide→guidance指引；指导perform→performance表演；节目exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱refer→reference参考；查阅ing表示行业或状态hunt→hunting打猎hear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning开始ure/ture表示行为或状态fail→failure失败；倒闭press→pressure压力depart→departure离开；出发mix→mixture混合；混合物后缀例词y表示动作或过程recover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery发现deliver→delivery传送；递送其他choose→choice选择vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势marry→marriage婚姻2．形容词变名词的后缀后缀例词age表示行为、状态short→shortage不足；短缺cy表示性质、状态efficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私；私密dom表示地位、状况free→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧后缀例词ence表示性质、状态different→difference差异silent→silence沉默ness表示性质、状态weak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意th表示度量、过程、性质或状态deep→depth深度strong→strength力气；强项warm→warmth温暖；热情wide→width宽度y/ty/ity表示性质或状态honest→honesty诚实difficult→difficulty困难cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴safe→safety安全disable→disability无能；伤残responsible→responsibility责任3．表示“人”的名词后缀在某些形容词、名词或动词后面加后缀变成具有某种职业或动作的人。常见的表示“人”的后缀有：后缀例词erclean→cleaner清洁工report→reporter记者strange→stranger陌生人orinvent→inventor发明者visit→visitor游客direct→director导演后缀例词arlie→liar说谎者beg→beggar乞讨者；乞丐eeemploy→employee雇员interview→interviewee参加面试者train→trainee接受培训者；实习生esshost→hostess女主人act→actress女演员后缀例词ianmusic→musician音乐家politics→politician政治家history→historian历史学家istart→artist艺术家science→scientist科学家piano→pianist钢琴家antserve→servant仆人；佣人；职员pa