2020版高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 专题一 阅读理解 第二节 推理判断题课件

专题一阅读理解第二节推理判断题(2019·全国卷Ⅰ，B篇)ForCanaanElementary'ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N．Y.,todayisspeechday,andrightnowit'sChrisPalaez'sturn.The8­year­oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.Buthe'snervous.“I'mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripsonthe“­ld，”apronunciationdifficultyformanynon­nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.“...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsomestumbles,__Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaleyrecalls(回想起)howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothebathroom.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.“Ittakesalotforanystudent，”Whaleyexplains,“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage，tofeelconfidentenoughtosay，‘Idon'tknow，butIwanttoknow.’”Whaleygottheideaofthissecond­gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities，”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”24．WhatmadeChrisnervous?A．Tellingastory.B．Makingaspeech.C．Takingatest.D．Answeringaquestion.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles”inParagraph2referto?A．Improperpauses.B．Badmanners.C．Spellingmistakes.D．Sillyjokes.26．WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto________．A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB．assessstudents'publicspeakingskillsC．preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD．inspirestudents'loveforpolitics27．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?A．Humorous.B．Ambitious.C．Caring.D．Demanding.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了CanaanElementary二年级老师ThomasWhaley发起的一次总统竞选演讲活动，帮助孩子们建立自信，看到自己的优点。24．解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“...todayisspeechday，andrightnowit'sChrisPalaez'sturn”和第二段“Buthe'snervous”可知Chris因为要作演讲而紧张。答案：B25．解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段“totellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...Christripsonthe...”可知Chris因为紧张，演讲时说话有点磕巴，故此处stumbles指不恰当的停顿。答案：A26．解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves.”和最后一段“boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities”可推知，Whaley老师发起总统竞选活动是为了帮助学生建立自信，看到自己的优点，strength意为“优点”，故答案选A。答案：A27．解析：推理判断题。本文主要介绍了CanaanElementary二年级老师ThomasWhaley发起一项总统竞选演讲活动，帮助孩子们建立自信，看到自己的优点，由此可推知Whaley老师是一个很有爱心、关心学生的老师。答案：C一、常见命题形式推理判断题要求根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或没有明说的事实或可能将会发生的事实，考查透过文章的字面意义去理解言外之意或弦外之音的能力。这类试题主要包括细节推断题、态度、观点倾向类推断题、写作意图类推断题、文章来源和读者对象类推断题，题干中常含有infer(推断)、suggest(暗示)、imply(暗指)、learnabout(了解)、conclude(结论)、indicate(暗示)等词语。二、命题特点推理判断题正确选项的特征：①立足原文，不含有绝对概念的词汇如：never，only，all，always等。②推理不是凭空猜测，而是立足已知推断未知，因此正确选项一定能在文中找到依据或理由。推理判断题干扰选项的特征：①颠倒是非：选项的结果与推断出来的正确结果相反。②照搬原文：原文里有相关的直接信息，不需要经过推断。③推理过度：把文章中的一些个案绝对化、扩大化。④无中生有：捏造原文中并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推断。⑤偷梁换柱：使用原文中相似的话语，增加或减少修饰成分，包括定语、状语等。一、细节推断题细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，才可能做出准确的推断。该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：①Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat________．②Whatcanweinfer/learnfrom...?③Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat________．④Thepassage/story...indicates/suggests/impliesthat________.[真题例析](2019·全国卷Ⅰ，B篇节选)Whaleygottheideaofthissecond­gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast(夸耀)aboutthemselves.“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities，”Whaleysays，“isverydifficultforachildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”26．WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto________．A．helpstudentsseetheirownstrengthsB．assessstudents'publicspeakingskillsC．preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobsD．inspirestudents'loveforpolitics[解题思路]第一步题干关键词infer，thepurposeofWhaley'sproject第二步原文关键词boast(夸耀)aboutthemselves，yourbestqualities，feelingconfident第三步比对选项关键词Ahelpstudentsseetheirownstrengths.帮助学生了解自己的优势。直接推断Bassessstudents'publicspeakingskills.评估学生的公共演讲技能。偷梁换柱第三步比对选项关键词Cpreparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs.为学生将来的工作做准备。推理过度Dinspirestudents'loveforpolitics.激发学生对政治的热爱。推理过度第四步概括总结根据倒数第二段“Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboastaboutthemselves.”和最后一段“Boastingaboutyourself，andyourbestqualities”可推知，Whaley老师发起总统竞选活动是为了帮助学生建立自信，看到自己的优点，strength意为“优点”，故答案选A二、态度、观点推断题作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断，一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的观点和态度情感往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常有：①What'sthewriter'sattitudetowards...?②Whatistheauthor'sopinionon...?③Whatdoestheauthorthinkabout...?选项中常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：①表示支持或肯定的词语：favourable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支持的；a