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专题四语法填空全国卷3年考情统计表有提示词类无提示词类派生词谓语动词非谓语动词比较等级名词的数代词的格冠词介词代词并列连词从属关联词其他语境填词2019全国卷Ⅰ(说明文)2221//11//1/全国卷Ⅱ(记叙文)223///1//11/全国卷Ⅲ(记叙文)322////1//112018全国卷Ⅰ(说明文)21211///1/2/全国卷Ⅱ(说明文)322///1///2/全国卷Ⅲ(记叙文)2121/111//1/2017全国卷Ⅰ(说明文)12211/11//1/全国卷Ⅱ(说明文)321/1/111///全国卷Ⅲ(记叙文)222/1/11//1/3年统计2016184417621101语法填空考查词法和句法两方面的基础语法知识,兼顾语篇逻辑,惯用短语和句型,着重考查考生的综合语言运用能力。1.短文长度:200个词左右,但词数有减少的趋势。2.体裁和题材:体裁以记叙文和说明文为主,题材丰富多样。3.考点分散:语法填空题基本上一个空格一个考查点,但重要的语法项目,如非谓语动词,不止设置一个空。4.考查原则:每空不一定填一个词(特别是考查谓语或非谓语动词形式),最多两个词,词形变化仅一次。5.命题形式:给提示词的较多,一般6~7个,无提示词的较少,一般3~4个。首先通读全文、理解大意、弄清文章结构;然后理解句意、分析结构、找出成分、理清语义逻辑顺序,对有提示词的题目采用“一看二思”解题法,对无提示词的题目采用“二定”解题法,解题思维导图如下:第一节有提示词类(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence61.________theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62.________(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modernmethods63.________trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s,andareexpensive64.________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65.________(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66.________(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67.________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare68.________(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69.________nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70.________(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群的活动范围和生存情况。61.解析:此处缺引导同位语从句的连接词that,说明evidence的具体内容,“证据表明……”。答案:that62.解析:此处应用副词作状语修饰谓语动词hasbeenstudied。答案:poorly63.解析:是固定搭配,意为“……的方法”。答案:of/for64.解析:该句为“be+形容词+不定式”结构,主语methods与谓语动词perform为被动关系,用不定式的主动式表示被动含义。又如:Verylargehotelsareexpensivetobuildandoperate.答案:toperform65.解析:由inrecentyears可知此处语境表示的是从过去某时一直持续到现在,故用现在完成时。答案:havereported66.解析:根据空处之前的冠词a及后面的同位语从句可知,此处应填名词belief。答案:belief67.解析:介词后应用note的动词ing形式noting作宾语。答案:noting68.解析:根据空处之后的than可知,此处用high的比较级。答案:higher69.解析:此处特指19种被辨认出的北极熊亚种群,因此用定冠词the。答案:the70.解析:根据空处前面的are及空处后面的is和lack可知,本句是现在时态,又根据six,因此此处填are。答案:are一、常见命题形式高频考点谓语动词1~2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致,其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题,答案最多三个单词非谓语动词1~2题。考查不定式、动名词与分词,每种最多设1题派生词1~3题。考查方式有动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题名词0~1题。主要考查可数名词的复数,也可能会考查名词的所有格高频考点形容词和副词类0~1题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换,以及其比较级或最高级低频考点代词:0~1题。一般给出人称代词的主格,要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等二、命题特点根据括号内的提示词可以判断该空考查的语法项目,具体如下:①括号内是动词,要考虑谓语动词和非谓语动词两种情况。②括号内是形容词,一般是考查副词,反之亦然;还需考虑比较等级。③括号内是名词,要考虑名词单复数或词性变化。有提示词的题目采用“一看二思”解题法。[真题例析1](2019·全国卷Ⅰ,节选)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut65.________(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66.________(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.65.解析:看到提示词为动词“report”,分析句子成分可知缺少谓语动词,由Inrecentyears可知此处语境表示的是从过去某时一直持续到现在,故用现在完成时。答案:havereported66.解析:看到提示词为动词“believe”,根据空处之前的冠词a及后面的同位语从句可知,此处应填名词belief,动词派生词。答案:belief[真题例析2](2019·全国卷Ⅰ,节选)Modernmethods63.of/fortrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s,andareexpensive64.________(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.64.解析:看到提示词为动词“perform”,分析句子谓语动词为“are”,基本句型结构为主系表结构;所以该句为“be+形容词+不定式”结构,主语methods与谓语动词perform为被动关系,但用不定式的主动式表被动含义。答案:toperform[真题例析3]Scientistshaverespondedby67.________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare68.________(high)thantheyactuallyare.67.解析:看到提示词为动词“note”,空前为介词by,应用非谓语动词形式,所以介词后应用note的动词ing形式noting作宾语。答案:noting68.解析:看到提示词为形容词“high”,考虑形容词的比较级或派生词;根据空处之后的than可知,此处用high的比较级。答案:higher[真题例析4](2019·全国卷Ⅰ,节选)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62.________(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.62.解析:看到提示词为形容词“poor”,考虑形容词的比较级或派生词,此处应用副词作状语修饰谓语动词hasbeenstudied,故形容词派生为副词poorly。答案:poorly[真题例析5](2019·全国卷Ⅰ,节选)Of69.thenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70.________(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.70.解析:看到提示词为系动词“be”,空前有six(subpopulations),考虑谓语动词形式,根据空处前面的are及空处后面的is和lack可知,本句是现在时态,又根据six,因此此处填are,“六个亚群体是稳定的”。答案:arePassage1(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A90yearoldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for61.________(be)Britain'soldestfulltimeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62.________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.Heryearsofhardworkhave63.________(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene64.________(declare)shehadnoplans65.________(retire)fromher36yearoldbusiness.Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66.________(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67.________becauseIwantto.”GranddaughterGayleParks,31—whoworksalongsideherinthefamilybusiness—saiditremainedunknownastowhonominatedIrenefortheaward.Shesaid,“Wedon'thaveanyideawh
本文标题:2020版高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 专题四 语法填空 第一节 有提示词类课件
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