2020版高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 板块二 题型一 第二讲 推理判断题课件

研题型•解锁疑难做真题•感悟高考目录ONTENTSC刷题组•题型突破第一部分专项增分练板块二语篇板块——阅读理解阅读七选五完形填空题型一阅读理解第二讲推理判断题[做真题·感悟高考]真题体验透视命题规律(2019·高考北京卷·B)AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur(创业者)，whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13，hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasupersweettreatthatcouldsavekids'teeth,insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting，shewasofferedacandybar.However，herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning，“Whycan'tImakeahealthycandythat'sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan'tsaynotoit？”Withthatinmind，Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad'spermission，shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtoothfriendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently，shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners，whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessofftheground.Afterwards，sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner，whofinallyagreedtosellMoore'sproduct—CanCandy.AsCanCandy'ssuccessgrows，sodoesMoore'scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated，andshe'salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile，withherparents'help，Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife，shewasn'tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilieCandy'sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentanddetermination，itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.[语篇解读]主题：人与自我(做人与做事)；话题：创新与创业意识。本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位少年创业成功的故事。小女孩AliceMoore面对问题不退缩，想办法解决问题，经过两年的调研和多次实验，最终创业成功。她也给更多的孩子带来了健康和微笑。34．HowdidMoorereacttoherdad'swarning?A．Shearguedwithhim.B．Shetriedtofindawayout.C．Shepaidnoattention.D．Shechosetoconsultdentists.解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词warning可直接定位到第二段第五句，该句表示AliceMoore想要解决父亲提出的问题，因为她不愿意放弃享用糖果的机会，故B项“她试图找到解决的办法”为正确选项。答案：B35．WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?A．Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.B．Itisfreeofsweeteners.C．Itissweeterthanothercandies.D．Itisproducedtoadentists'recipe.解析：推理判断题。CanCandy为语篇的线索性词汇，它是AliceMoore的公司研发的新产品。题干是问CanCandy的特别之处，由此定位到第三段第一句，根据本句内容可知，它“既可口又对牙齿无害”，故A项“它有益于牙齿健康”正确。答案：A36．WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A．Toearnmoremoney.B．Tohelpothersfindsmiles.C．Tomakeherselfstandout.D．Tobeatothercandycompanies.解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.”可知，AliceMoore希望每位小朋友都有洁净的牙齿和灿烂的笑容。B项意为“帮助别人找到笑容”，与原文意思相符。答案：B37．WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore'sstory?A．Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.B．Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.C．Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.D．Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied.解析：推理判断题。文章介绍了AliceMoore年纪虽小，但面对问题不退缩，积极思考，想办法解决问题，勇于创新，最后创业成功的故事。故C项正确。答案：C在高考阅读理解试题中，推理判断题是仅次于细节理解题的重点题型。该题型主要考查考生根据文章的字面意思，通过逻辑关系和细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。[研题型·解锁疑难]题型突破揭示命题热点在推理判断题题干中常含有表示“表明、暗示、推论”的词汇，如infer，imply，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，show等。有时提问中含有表示推测的情态动词，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的词，如probably，mostlikely，seem等。这类试题常以如下句式发问：1．Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?2．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.3．Wherecanyoureadthispassage?4．Fromthepassagewecandrawtheconclusionthat.5．Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat.6．Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.7．Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?8．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowards...?9．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?要做好推理判断题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征：正确选项特征：1．“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。2．选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如only，never，all，absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如often，usually，sometimes，some，may，might，can，could，possibly，probably等。干扰选项特征：1．主观推断：没有基于原文进行推断，而是根据常识推断。2．过度推断：有时作者只是客观地叙述事实，并未做出评论，而一些选项却主观地进行推断。如提到一样东西贵，并不意味着就买不起。3．错误推断：某些细节看似在原文中出现过，但与原文不符，或断章取义，或因果倒置等。4．以细节代替推断：只是原文简单的复述，而非推断出来的结论。1．根据特定信息推理判断题型技法：推理判断题——锁定特定信息法(2019·高考全国卷Ⅰ·D)Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小学)，Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes，whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens，andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes，breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers，amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.32．Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A．Unkind.B．Lonely.C．Generous.D．Cool.解题步骤：第一步：审读题干抓关键，定位信息根据题干中的关键信息earlyyearsofelementaryschool可定位到本段第一句“Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool，Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes...”。第二步：分析、推理、判断根据本段第一句的句意和sharing一词可推知，作者上小学的时候是一个慷慨大方的人，故选C项。注意不要受本段后几句话尤其是最后一句话的影响而错选A项，因为那是作者青少年时期的情况。(2018·高考全国卷Ⅰ·C)Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhuntergatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguage